Revisiting the shutdown problem

A key premise in leading arguments for existential risk from artificial intelligence is that malfunctioning artificial agents could not be easily shut down. This motivates the catastrophic shutdown problem of ensuring that agents can be shut down before causing an existential catastrophe. A range of arguments and theorems are offered to suggest that solving the catastrophic shutdown problem is difficult, bolstering arguments for existential risk and motivating a search for solutions to the catastrophic shutdown problem. This paper argues for two conclusions. First, existing arguments require substantial additional assumptions and evidence to play the desired role in motivating existential risk concerns. Second, concern for the catastrophic shutdown problem has led to technical solutions that impose a high safety tax on model performance. These results redirect research towards the identified assumptions and provide guidance for technical alignment strategies.