3D Oral Modelling with Improved Vertex Distribution Using Matching-Based Learning

In our previous work, a deep learning-based framework for 3D intraoral reconstruction was proposed. The model directly predicts explicit 3D point cloud coordinates from ten fixed-angle intraoral images, employing MobileNetV2 and Multi-head Attention for multi-view feature fusion, with a combined L1 Loss and Chamfer Distance as the loss function. Although the model achieved an accuracy of 77.49%, predicted vertices tended to concentrate in high-density regions of the ground truth, leaving other regions largely uncovered. In this paper, an improved loss function is proposed to address this limitation. Hungarian matching with filtering and Repulsion Loss are introduced to enforce more uniform vertex distribution across the reconstructed model. The proposed model achieves an accuracy of 68.02%, which is numerically lower than the previous model. However, the vertex clustering issue observed in the prior work is substantially alleviated, with predicted vertices distributed more evenly across the entire reconstructed surface.