Still: Amortized KV Cache Compaction in a Single Forward Pass
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → KV cache optimization
Abstract (arXiv)
The KV cache is the memory bottleneck of long-horizon language model deployment. Practically, a deployable compactor must be lightweight enough to call during inference, expressive enough to preserve context under constraint, and reusable across a trajectory. Existing compaction methods satisfy only part of this requirement: selection methods are lightweight but subset-bound, while synthesis methods are expressive but rely on per-context optimization. Here we introduce Still, a small per-layer Perceiver trained once against a frozen base model that produces compact keys and values in a single forward pass. On Qwen and Gemma models, Still occupies the favorable side of the speed--quality frontier across compression ratios from 8× to 200× and context lengths from 8k to 128k. On the long-context RULER grid, Still exceeds the strongest baseline by 8--22 points. The same compact cache also supports free-form summarization, preserving most of the full-context gain on HELMET and winning a pairwise LongBench summarization comparison against KV-Distill. Because compaction is a forward pass, Still can be applied iteratively, entering a long-horizon regime unavailable to per-context methods. We show that amortization makes long-context cache compaction tractable, and synthesis makes its compact state useful at extreme compression.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in KV cache optimization, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 30 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2026.
Builds on
30 of 36 references.
Closest ancestors · 8
Same direction, newest first
- 2026Learning to Evict from Key-Value Cache10 Feb
- 2025Learned Structure in Cartridges: Keys as Shareable Routers in Self-Studied Representations23 Aug
- 2025Compactor: Calibrated Query-Agnostic KV Cache Compression with Approximate Leverage Scores10 Jul
- 2025KVzip: Query-Agnostic KV Cache Compression with Context Reconstruction29 May
- 2024PyramidKV: Dynamic KV Cache Compression based on Pyramidal Information Funneling4 Jun
- 2024SnapKV: LLM Knows What You are Looking for Before Generation22 Apr
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttention12 Sep
- 2023H2O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Models24 Jun
Other references · 22
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,915
- 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,186
- 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,824
- 2019Root Mean Square Layer Normalizationcited by 1,480
- 2023LongBench: A Bilingual, Multitask Benchmark for Long Context Understandingcited by 1,417
- 2023GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpointscited by 1,346
- 2024RULER: What's the Real Context Size of Your Long-Context Language Models?cited by 1,346
- 2021Perceiver: General Perception with Iterative Attentioncited by 1,104
- 2019Compressive Transformers for Long-Range Sequence Modellingcited by 726
- 2023Scaling Vision Transformers to 22 Billion Parameterscited by 694
- 2025Native Sparse Attention: Hardware-Aligned and Natively Trainable Sparse Attentioncited by 407
10 more
- 2023Learning to Compress Prompts with Gist Tokenscited by 390
- 2023Adapting Language Models to Compress Contextscited by 356
- 2019Lookahead Optimizer: k steps forward, 1 step backcited by 336
- 2013k-Sparse Autoencoderscited by 215
- 2023In-context Autoencoder for Context Compression in a Large Language Modelcited by 199
- 2024HELMET: How to Evaluate Long-Context Language Models Effectively and Thoroughlycited by 125
- 2024Dynamic Memory Compression: Retrofitting LLMs for Accelerated Inferencecited by 116
- 2025Cartridges: Lightweight and general-purpose long context representations via self-studycited by 86
- 2022Multi-LexSum: Real-World Summaries of Civil Rights Lawsuits at Multiple Granularitiescited by 47
- 2025KV-Distill: Nearly Lossless Learnable Context Compression for LLMscited by 19
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026RestoreKV: Recovering Full-Cache Behavior Under Aggressive Query-Agnostic KV Cache Evictioncited by 3
- 2026ARC-KV: Amortizing Anchor Search for Reconstruction-Based KV Cache Compactioncited by 1
- 2026Trained Agentic Context Managementcited by 0
- 2026The Optimization Landscape of Learning Compacted Context Modelscited by 0
- 2026The Optimization Landscape of Learning Compacted Context Models5 Oct 2026
- 2026Trained Agentic Context Management1 Oct 2026
- 2026ARC-KV: Amortizing Anchor Search for Reconstruction-Based KV Cache Compaction29 Sep 2026
- 2026RestoreKV: Recovering Full-Cache Behavior Under Aggressive Query-Agnostic KV Cache Eviction2 Aug 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Fast KV Compaction via Attention Matching
- 2024MiniCache: KV Cache Compression in Depth Dimension for Large Language Models
- 2025KV Pareto: Systems-Level Optimization of KV Cache and Model Compression for Long Context Inference
- 2026PuzzleKV: Page-Wise Low-Rank Decomposition for KV Cache Compression
- 2025KVCompose: Efficient Structured KV Cache Compression with Composite Tokens
- 2024KV Cache Compression, But What Must We Give in Return? A Comprehensive Benchmark of Long Context Capable Approaches
- 2024ZigZagkv: Dynamic KV Cache Compression for Long-context Modeling based on Layer Uncertainty
- 2026Behavior-Preserving KV Cache Compression