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Relational Intervention During Functional Collapse in Large Language Models: A Lexical-Statistical Ablation and a Structure x Register Factorial

arXiv 2606.00935 ↗First posted 31 May 2026cs.AI cs.CL cs.HCcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

We test whether a relational-style intervention delivered during functional collapse in a small language model produces post-collapse behavior distinguishable from technical feedback, from a lexically-matched scrambled control, and from each of the two pragmatic dimensions in isolation. Using Qwen3.5-4B with a deliberately broken bash tool, we run 300 episodes across six conditions in a matched-pairs design (50 tasks): no intervention (A), technical/impersonal (B), relational/first-person (C), scrambled relational (D), technical/first-person (E), and relational/impersonal (F). E and F form a 2x2 factorial with B and C that dissociates relational structure (acknowledgment, absolution, agency restoration, unconditional acceptance) from sender register (first-person vs. impersonal). We report two main findings. First, an attention-behavior dissociation: attention follows lexical surprise (D > F > C > E > B, all q_FDR < 10^{-10}), with the scrambled message capturing the most attention; yet behaviorally A ~ B ~ D < E ~ F << C. Second, the factorial localizes the C effect: neither relational structure alone (F) nor first-person register alone (E) replicates C's behavioral signature; main effects of both dimensions are individually significant, and the structure x register interaction is significant on persistence (p = 0.046). A third dissociation emerges in emotion probes: F tracks C on 7 of 8 probes despite producing only baseline behavior, indicating that relational structure alone installs a probe-level state that only translates into behavior when paired with first-person register. The model's processing decomposes into three dissociable stages: attention (ordered by lexical surprise), probe-level state (ordered by structure), and behavior (ordered by the conjunction of both).

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References · 16

  1. 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
  2. 2023Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparencycited by 1,239
  3. 2019Attention is not Explanationcited by 916
  4. 2019Attention is not not Explanationcited by 629
  5. 2024Programming Refusal with Conditional Activation Steeringcited by 191
  6. 2023Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimulicited by 143
  7. 2026Emotion Concepts and their Function in a Large Language Modelcited by 48
  8. 2024Taking AI Welfare Seriouslycited by 28
  9. 2025Mechanistic Interpretability of Emotion Inference in Large Language Modelscited by 24
  10. 2021Hebbian learning with gradients: Hebbian convolutional neural networks with modern deep learning frameworkscited by 19
  11. 2025Representation Engineering for Large-Language Models: Survey and Research Challengescited by 18
  12. 2025Decoding Emotion in the Deep: A Systematic Study of How LLMs Represent, Retain, and Express Emotioncited by 10
4 more
  1. 2026Beyond pass@1: A Reliability Science Framework for Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 8
  2. 2025The LLM Has Left The Chat: Evidence of Bail Preferences in Large Language Modelscited by 5
  3. 2025Empathic Prompting: Non-Verbal Context Integration for Multimodal LLM Conversationscited by 2
  4. 2026Extracting and Steering Emotion Representations in Small Language Models: A Methodological Comparisoncited by 2

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