Is a Document Educational or Just Wikipedia-Style? -- Pitfalls of Classifier-Based Quality Filtering
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Abstract (arXiv)
Classifier-based Quality Filtering has recently emerged as a fundamental technique in constructing pre-training corpora. The ability to deploy a single model that can replace or supplement a set of heuristics has proven effective across numerous Large Language Models. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability in this approach by demonstrating how a straightforward Wikipedia-style reformatting operation can substantially alter a model's quality assessment and enable low-quality content to surpass filtering thresholds. Our analysis reveals that the FineWeb-Edu CQF model would reverse its filtering decision for approximately 7% of evaluated documents, thereby admitting content into the pre-training corpus that would otherwise have been excluded.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2026.
Builds on
17 of 37 references.
References · 17
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2019Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 3,935
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- 2024The FineWeb Datasets: Decanting the Web for the Finest Text Data at Scalecited by 1,160
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- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 290
- 2022CometKiwi: IST-Unbabel 2022 Submission for the Quality Estimation Shared Taskcited by 207
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- 2024Nemotron-CC: Transforming Common Crawl into a Refined Long-Horizon Pretraining Datasetcited by 160
- 2024MetricX-24: The Google Submission to the WMT 2024 Metrics Shared Taskcited by 93
- 2023Scaling up COMETKIWI: Unbabel-IST 2023 Submission for the Quality Estimation Shared Taskcited by 88
- 2025Nemotron-CLIMB: CLustering-based Iterative Data Mixture Bootstrapping for Language Model Pre-trainingcited by 66
5 more
- 2023An Open Dataset and Model for Language Identificationcited by 50
- 2024Persistent Pre-Training Poisoning of LLMscited by 48
- 2024Embedding And Clustering Your Data Can Improve Contrastive Pretrainingcited by 17
- 2024Watching the Watchers: Exposing Gender Disparities in Machine Translation Quality Estimationcited by 10
- 2025Removing Noise, not Finding Gold: Quality Filtering for Large-Scale Pretrainingcited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.