PersonaArena: Dynamic Simulation for Evaluating and Enhancing Persona-Level Role-Playing in Large Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) increasingly serve as interactive social agents, yet their ability to maintain coherent and authentic persona-level role-playing remains limited, particularly in realistic social scenarios. Existing research predominantly focuses on character-level settings and relies on static evaluation formats, failing to capture the complexity of everyday social interactions. In this work, we present PersonaArena, a dynamic simulation framework for evaluating and improving persona-level role-playing in LLMs. PersonaArena leverages a large, filtered corpus of user-generated social content to construct a nuanced persona bank, and elicits multi-turn, context-rich interactions within simulated social environments. Our framework features a multi-agent debating judge for holistic and unbiased assessment. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that PersonaArena enables rigorous evaluation and enhancement of LLMs' role-playing capabilities, advancing the development of more authentic and socially adept AI agents.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 May 2026.
Builds on
15 of 25 references.
References · 15
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
- 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 820
- 2022Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studiescited by 506
- 2024Scaling Synthetic Data Creation with 1,000,000,000 Personascited by 397
- 2023Character-LLM: A Trainable Agent for Role-Playingcited by 335
- 2023InCharacter: Evaluating Personality Fidelity in Role-Playing Agents through Psychological Interviewscited by 177
- 2024CharacterEval: A Chinese Benchmark for Role-Playing Conversational Agent Evaluationcited by 139
- 2024PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMscited by 89
- 2024CharacterBox: Evaluating the Role-Playing Capabilities of LLMs in Text-Based Virtual Worldscited by 38
- 2025OpenCharacter: Training Customizable Role-Playing LLMs with Large-Scale Synthetic Personascited by 25
- 2024Quantifying and Optimizing Global Faithfulness in Persona-driven Role-playingcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026TRACE Bench: Task-driven Roleplay Agentic Checklist Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026MicroVerse: An Instrument for Measuring Self-Authored Identity Drift in Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Language-Model Simulationscited by 1
- 2026Beyond Borrowed Histories: Person-Aligned User Simulation for Interactive Role-Playing Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026MicroVerse: An Instrument for Measuring Self-Authored Identity Drift in Long-Horizon Multi-Agent Language-Model Simulations16 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE Bench: Task-driven Roleplay Agentic Checklist Evaluation31 Jul 2026
- 2026Beyond Borrowed Histories: Person-Aligned User Simulation for Interactive Role-Playing Evaluation30 Jul 2026