Making AI-Assisted Grant Evaluation Auditable without Exposing the Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
Public agencies are beginning to consider large language models (LLMs) as decision-support tools for grant evaluation. This creates a practical governance problem: the model and scoring rubric should not be exposed in a way that allows applicants to optimize against them, yet the evaluation process must remain auditable, contestable, and accountable. We propose a TEE-based architecture that helps reconcile these requirements through remote attestation. The architecture allows an external verifier to check which model, rubric, prompt template, and input representation were used, without exposing model weights, proprietary scoring logic, or intermediate reasoning to applicants or infrastructure operators. The main artifact is an attested evaluation bundle: a signed, timestamped record linking the original submission hash, the canonical input hash, the model-and-rubric measurement, and the evaluation output. The paper also considers a scenario-specific prompt injection risk: applicant-controlled documents may contain hidden or indirect instructions intended to influence the LLM evaluator. We therefore include a canonicalization and sanitization layer that normalizes document representations and records suspicious transformations before inference. We position the design relative to confidential AI inference, attestable AI audits, zero-knowledge machine learning, algorithmic accountability, and AI-assisted peer review. The resulting claim is deliberately narrow: remote attestation does not prove that an evaluation is fair or scientifically correct, but it can make part of the evaluation process externally verifiable.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2026.
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References · 8
- 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,144
- 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,339
- 2022Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Modelscited by 760
- 2024The Instruction Hierarchy: Training LLMs to Prioritize Privileged Instructionscited by 441
- 2025A Survey of Zero-Knowledge Proof Based Verifiable Machine Learningcited by 21
- 2022Machine Learning with Confidential Computing: A Systematization of Knowledgecited by 13
- 2025Attestable Audits: Verifiable AI Safety Benchmarks Using Trusted Execution Environmentscited by 8
- 2026Can Large Language Models Evaluate Grant Proposal Quality? Revisiting the Wenneraas and Wold Peer Review Datacited by 1
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