GAMMAF: A Common Framework for Graph-Based Anomaly Monitoring Benchmarking in LLM Multi-Agent Systems
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent threats, guardrails and governance
Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) has significantly enhanced their collaborative problem-solving capabilities, but it has also expanded their attack surfaces, exposing them to vulnerabilities such as prompt infection and compromised inter-agent communication. While emerging graph-based anomaly detection methods show promise in protecting these networks, the field currently lacks a standardized, reproducible environment to train these models and evaluate their efficacy. To address this gap, we introduce Gammaf (Graph-based Anomaly Monitoring for LLM Multi-Agent systems Framework), an open-source benchmarking platform. Gammaf is not a novel defense mechanism itself, but rather a comprehensive evaluation architecture designed to generate synthetic multi-agent interaction datasets and benchmark the performance of existing and future defense models. The proposed framework operates through two interdependent pipelines: a Training Data Generation stage, which simulates debates across varied network topologies to capture interactions as robust attributed graphs, and a Defense System Benchmarking stage, which actively evaluates defense models by dynamically isolating flagged adversarial nodes during live inference rounds. Through rigorous evaluation using established defense baselines (XG-Guard and BlindGuard) across multiple knowledge tasks (such as MMLU-Pro and GSM8K), we demonstrate Gammaf's high utility, topological scalability, and execution efficiency. Furthermore, our experimental results reveal that equipping an LLM-MAS with effective attack remediation not only recovers system integrity but also substantially reduces overall operational costs by facilitating early consensus and cutting off the extensive token generation typical of adversarial agents.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 36 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Apr 2026.
Builds on
36 of 46 references.
Closest ancestors · 20
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Explainable and Fine-Grained Safeguarding of LLM Multi-Agent Systems via Bi-Level Graph Anomaly Detection21 Dec
- 2025BlindGuard: Safeguarding LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems under Unknown Attacks11 Aug
- 2025Attack the Messages, Not the Agents: A Multi-round Adaptive Stealthy Tampering Framework for LLM-MAS5 Aug
- 2025Who's the Mole? Modeling and Detecting Intention-Hiding Malicious Agents in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems7 Jul
- 2025TRiSM for Agentic AI: A Review of Trust, Risk, and Security Management in LLM-based Agentic Multi-Agent Systems4 Jun
- 2025SentinelAgent: Graph-based Anomaly Detection in Multi-Agent Systems30 May
- 2025GUARDIAN: Safeguarding LLM Multi-Agent Collaborations with Temporal Graph Modeling25 May
- 2025A survey of agent interoperability protocols: Model Context Protocol (MCP), Agent Communication Protocol (ACP), Agent-to-Agent Protocol (A2A), and Agent Network Protocol (ANP)4 May
- 2025A Survey on Trustworthy LLM Agents: Threats and Countermeasures12 Mar
- 2025Red-Teaming LLM Multi-Agent Systems via Communication Attacks20 Feb
- 2025CORBA: Contagious Recursive Blocking Attacks on Multi-Agent Systems Based on Large Language Models20 Feb
- 2025G-Safeguard: A Topology-Guided Security Lens and Treatment on LLM-based Multi-agent Systems16 Feb
8 more
- 2024From Allies to Adversaries: Manipulating LLM Tool-Calling through Adversarial Injection13 Dec
- 2024NetSafe: Exploring the Topological Safety of Multi-agent Networks21 Oct
- 2024Prompt Infection: LLM-to-LLM Prompt Injection within Multi-Agent Systems9 Oct
- 2024Breaking Agents: Compromising Autonomous LLM Agents Through Malfunction Amplification30 Jul
- 2024Flooding Spread of Manipulated Knowledge in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Communities10 Jul
- 2024GuardAgent: Safeguard LLM Agents by a Guard Agent via Knowledge-Enabled Reasoning13 Jun
- 2024AutoDefense: Multi-Agent LLM Defense against Jailbreak Attacks2 Mar
- 2024Agent Smith: A Single Image Can Jailbreak One Million Multimodal LLM Agents Exponentially Fast13 Feb
Other references · 16
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,767
- 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
- 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
- 2024MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,758
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,422
- 2023CAMEL: Communicative Agents for "Mind" Exploration of Large Language Model Societycited by 1,348
- 2023Llama Guard: LLM-based Input-Output Safeguard for Human-AI Conversationscited by 1,124
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2023NeMo Guardrails: A Toolkit for Controllable and Safe LLM Applications with Programmable Railscited by 347
4 more
- 2023Multi-Agent Collaboration: Harnessing the Power of Intelligent LLM Agentscited by 329
- 2024Scaling Large Language Model-based Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 235
- 2024Internet of Agents: Weaving a Web of Heterogeneous Agents for Collaborative Intelligencecited by 80
- 2024Phantom: General Backdoor Attacks on Retrieval Augmented Language Generationcited by 46
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
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