Beyond Rating: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Benchmark for AI Reviews
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Abstract (arXiv)
The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has spurred interest in automated peer review; however, progress is currently stifled by benchmarks that treat reviewing primarily as a rating prediction task. We argue that the utility of a review lies in its textual justification--its arguments, questions, and critique--rather than a scalar score. To address this, we introduce Beyond Rating, a holistic evaluation framework that assesses AI reviewers across five dimensions: Content Faithfulness, Argumentative Alignment, Focus Consistency, Question Constructiveness, and AI-Likelihood. Notably, we propose a Max-Recall strategy to accommodate valid expert disagreement and introduce a curated dataset of paper with high-confidence reviews, rigorously filtered to remove procedural noise. Extensive experiments demonstrate that while traditional n-gram metrics fail to reflect human preferences, our proposed text-centric metrics--particularly the recall of weakness arguments--correlate strongly with rating accuracy. These findings establish that aligning AI critique focus with human experts is a prerequisite for reliable automated scoring, offering a robust standard for future research.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Apr 2026.
Builds on
25 of 37 references.
References · 25
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2025DeepSeek-V3.2: Pushing the Frontier of Open Large Language Modelscited by 815
- 2024MinerU: An Open-Source Solution for Precise Document Content Extractioncited by 267
- 2024Spotting LLMs With Binoculars: Zero-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Textcited by 263
- 2023Can large language models provide useful feedback on research papers? A large-scale empirical analysiscited by 200
- 2024CycleResearcher: Improving Automated Research via Automated Reviewcited by 148
- 2018A Dataset of Peer Reviews (PeerRead): Collection, Insights and NLP Applicationscited by 136
- 2023ReviewerGPT? An Exploratory Study on Using Large Language Models for Paper Reviewingcited by 122
- 2025DeepReview: Improving LLM-based Paper Review with Human-like Deep Thinking Processcited by 100
- 2024AgentReview: Exploring Peer Review Dynamics with LLM Agentscited by 93
13 more
- 2024OpenReviewer: A Specialized Large Language Model for Generating Critical Scientific Paper Reviewscited by 65
- 2021Can We Automate Scientific Reviewing?cited by 63
- 2025Large language models for automated scholarly paper review: A surveycited by 61
- 2022NLPeer: A Unified Resource for the Computational Study of Peer Reviewcited by 60
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactionscited by 46
- 2021MReD: A Meta-Review Dataset for Structure-Controllable Text Generationcited by 42
- 2023GPT4 is Slightly Helpful for Peer-Review Assistance: A Pilot Studycited by 40
- 2021DISAPERE: A Dataset for Discourse Structure in Peer Review Discussionscited by 36
- 2024Automated Peer Reviewing in Paper SEA: Standardization, Evaluation, and Analysiscited by 33
- 2022Investigating Fairness Disparities in Peer Review: A Language Model Enhanced Approachcited by 23
- 2024Benchmarking LLMs' Judgments with No Gold Standardcited by 19
- 2024From Words to Worth: Newborn Article Impact Prediction with LLMcited by 16
- 2025MMReview: A Multidisciplinary and Multimodal Benchmark for LLM-Based Peer Review Automationcited by 10
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026RubricReviewer: From Direct Critique to Objective and Comprehensive Rubric-Driven Peer Reviewcited by 2
- 2026Beyond Final Decisions: A Process-Centric Benchmark for Transparent AI-Assisted Peer Reviewcited by 0
- 2026NovGauge: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Diagnosing LLMs' Capability in Paper Novelty Assessmentcited by 0
- 2026NovGauge: A Fine-Grained Benchmark for Diagnosing LLMs' Capability in Paper Novelty Assessment10 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Final Decisions: A Process-Centric Benchmark for Transparent AI-Assisted Peer Review5 Sep 2026
- 2026RubricReviewer: From Direct Critique to Objective and Comprehensive Rubric-Driven Peer Review4 Jun 2026