KoCo: Conditioning Language Model Pre-training on Knowledge Coordinates
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Standard Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training typically treats corpora as flattened token sequences, often overlooking the real-world context that humans naturally rely on to contextualize information. To bridge this gap, we introduce Knowledge Coordinate Conditioning (KoCo), a simple method that maps every document into a three-dimensional semantic coordinate. By prepending these coordinates as textual prefixes for pre-training, we aim to equip the model with explicit contextual awareness to learn the documents within the real-world knowledge structure. Experiment results demonstrate that KoCo significantly enhances performance across 10 downstream tasks and accelerates pre-training convergence by approximately 30%. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that explicitly modeling knowledge coordinates helps the model distinguish stable facts from noise, effectively mitigating hallucination in generated outputs.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Apr 2026.
Builds on
16 of 26 references.
References · 16
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,114
- 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,793
- 2023DataComp: In search of the next generation of multimodal datasetscited by 635
- 2022Beyond neural scaling laws: beating power law scaling via data pruningcited by 519
- 2024LESS: Selecting Influential Data for Targeted Instruction Tuningcited by 514
- 2023DoReMi: Optimizing Data Mixtures Speeds Up Language Model Pretrainingcited by 385
- 2024DataComp-LM: In search of the next generation of training sets for language modelscited by 381
4 more
- 2024OLMES: A Standard for Language Model Evaluationscited by 100
- 2024How to Train Data-Efficient LLMscited by 91
- 2023SlimPajama-DC: Understanding Data Combinations for LLM Trainingcited by 72
- 2025Metadata Conditioning Accelerates Language Model Pre-trainingcited by 20
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.