Unified Deployment-Aware Evaluation of Open Reasoning Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Open reasoning language models are often compared under mixed sample sizes, partially standardized prompts, and accuracy-centered summaries, which makes practical model selection difficult to interpret. We present a unified evaluation of seven open reasoning language model configurations across four benchmarks: ARC-Challenge, GSM8K, MATH levels 1 to 3, and TruthfulQA MC1. We test zero-shot, chain-of-thought (CoT), and few-shot CoT prompting on the same 238-example subset for every model--dataset--strategy condition, yielding a complete 7 x 4 x 3 design with 84 conditions and 19,992 evaluated examples. Beyond accuracy, we report Wilson confidence intervals, latency, peak video random access memory (VRAM), weighted aggregate performance, Pareto-efficient operating points, prompt-sensitivity metrics, and compatibility diagnostics. Gemma-4-26B-A4B with zero-shot prompting achieves the highest weighted score at 0.794. Gemma-4-E4B remains close to the top across prompting settings while using substantially lower latency and memory, making it a strong practical operating point. Bootstrap and paired-permutation analyses show that the leading configurations are close enough that deployment tradeoffs remain important. We also find that prompting strategy changes model rankings rather than shifting all models uniformly. Benchmark-specific complementarity creates routing headroom, with an oracle task-aware selector reaching a weighted score of 0.825. Compatibility diagnostics show that some apparent failures, especially Phi-4-Reasoning on GSM8K, reflect robustness and interface-adherence problems under the shared evaluation pipeline. These results support a central claim: open-model evaluation should be framed as a deployment-aware, multi-objective operating-point problem rather than as a single-score leaderboard exercise.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompting and chain-of-thought reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2026.
Builds on
15 of 30 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners24 May
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models21 Mar
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models28 Jan
Other references · 12
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
- 2023Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formattingcited by 778
- 2023PromptRobust: Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Large Language Models on Adversarial Promptscited by 218
- 2025Phi-4-reasoning Technical Reportcited by 146
- 2024A Systematic Survey and Critical Review on Evaluating Large Language Models: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendationscited by 84
- 2024Open-LLM-Leaderboard: From Multi-choice to Open-style Questions for LLMs Evaluation, Benchmark, and Arenacited by 76
- 2023Sensitivity and Robustness of Large Language Models to Prompt Template in Japanese Text Classification Taskscited by 25
- 2024LLMBox: A Comprehensive Library for Large Language Modelscited by 3
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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- 2024A NotSo Simple Way to Beat Simple Bench
- 2024Break the Chain: Large Language Models Can be Shortcut Reasoners
- 2024Functional Benchmarks for Robust Evaluation of Reasoning Performance, and the Reasoning Gap
- 2025Innate Reasoning is Not Enough: In-Context Learning Enhances Reasoning Large Language Models with Less Overthinking
- 2023An automatically discovered chain-of-thought prompt generalizes to novel models and datasets
- 2026Soft Guidance Starts to Outperform CoT Prompting as LLMs Improve
- 2025MME-CoT: Benchmarking Chain-of-Thought in Large Multimodal Models for Reasoning Quality, Robustness, and Efficiency
- 2023Chain-of-Thought Hub: A Continuous Effort to Measure Large Language Models' Reasoning Performance