CBM-Dual: A 65-nm Fully Connected Chaotic Boltzmann Machine Processor for Dual Function Simulated Annealing and Reservoir Computing

This paper presents CBM-Dual, the first silicon-proven digital chaotic dynamics processor (CDP) supporting both simulated annealing (SA) and reservoir computing (RC). CBM-Dual enables real-time decision-making and lightweight adaptation for autonomous Edge AI, employing the largest-scale fully connected 1024-neuron chaotic Boltzmann machine (CBM). To address the high computational and area costs of digital CDPs, we propose: 1) a CBM-specific scheduler that exploits an inherently low neuron flip rate to reduce multiply-accumulate operations by 99%, and 2) an efficient multiply splitting scheme that reduces the area by 59%. Fabricated in 65nm (12mm2), CBM-Dual achieves simultaneous heterogeneous task execution and state-of-the-art energy efficiency, delivering ×25-54 and ×4.5 improvements in the SA and RC fields, respectively.