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Cross-Spectral Witness for Hidden Nonequilibrium Beyond the Scalar Ceiling

arXiv 2604.03775 ↗First posted 4 Apr 2026cond-mat.stat-mech stat.MLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Partial observation is a pervasive obstacle in nonequilibrium physics: coarse graining may absorb hidden forcing into an apparently equilibrium-like reduced description, so a driven system can look reversible through the only variables one can measure. For scalar Gaussian observables of linear stochastic systems, no time-irreversibility statistic can detect the underlying drive. The Lucente--Crisanti ceiling constrains what one channel carries; what two channels carry is a different question, with a sharp closed-form answer. Two simultaneously observed channels retain an off-diagonal cross-spectral sector inaccessible to any scalar reduction; under channel-separable multiplicative structure the observed-channel response factors cancel identically, leaving a closed-form cross-spectral witness controlled only by the hidden spectrum, the loadings, and the innovation scales, strictly positive at every nonzero cross-coupling including at exact timescale coalescence where every scalar reduction is blind. Within general CSM this certifies shared hidden-sector drive; under the additional one-way coupling assumption the witness identifies the total entropy production rate at leading order with a square-root scaling.

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References · 2

  1. 2023Decomposing Thermodynamic Dissipation of Linear Langevin Systems via Oscillatory Modes and Its Application to Neural Dynamicscited by 4
  2. 2022Entropy production of Multivariate Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes correlates with consciousness levels in the human braincited by 2

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