mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Beyond Retrieval: Modeling Confidence Decay and Deterministic Agentic Platforms in Generative Engine Optimization

arXiv 2604.03656 ↗First posted 4 Apr 2026cs.AIcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Web, search, and research agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is rapidly reshaping digital marketing paradigms in the era of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current GEO strategies predominantly rely on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which inherently suffers from probabilistic hallucinations and the "zero-click" paradox, failing to establish sustainable commercial trust. In this paper, we systematically deconstruct the probabilistic flaws of existing RAG-based GEO and propose a paradigm shift towards deterministic multi-agent intent routing. First, we mathematically formulate Semantic Entropy Drift (SED) to model the dynamic decay of confidence curves in LLMs over continuous temporal and contextual perturbations. To rigorously quantify optimization value in black-box commercial engines, we introduce the Isomorphic Attribution Regression (IAR) model, leveraging a Multi-Agent System (MAS) probe with strict human-in-the-loop physical isolation to enforce hallucination penalties. Furthermore, we architect the Deterministic Agent Handoff (DAH) protocol, conceptualizing an Agentic Trust Brokerage (ATB) ecosystem where LLMs function solely as intent routers rather than final answer generators. We empirically validate this architecture using EasyNote, an industrial AI meeting minutes product by Yishu Technology. By routing the intent of "knowledge graph mapping on an infinite canvas" directly to its specialized proprietary agent via DAH, we demonstrate the reduction of vertical task hallucination rates to near zero. This work establishes a foundational theoretical framework for next-generation GEO and paves the way for a well-ordered, deterministic human-AI collaboration ecosystem.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Web, search, and research agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 5 of its 13 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Apr 2026.

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References · 5

  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  2. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
  3. 2023Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 2,212
  4. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,808
  5. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmapcited by 668

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  4. 2026SoK: Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Taxonomy, Architectures, Evaluation, and Research Directions
  5. 2026Optimizing Visibility in Generative Engines: A Critical Survey of Generative Engine Optimization (2023-2026)
  6. 2026EcoGEO: Trajectory-Aware Evidence Ecosystems for Web-Enabled LLM Search Agents
  7. 2025Learning to Trust: Dynamic Utilization of Retrieval-Augmented Generation for E-commerce Search Relevance
  8. 2026Towards Trustworthy and Cost-Efficient Data Integration: From Na"ive RAG to Agentic RAG