Squish and Release: Exposing Hidden Hallucinations by Making Them Surface as Safety Signals
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Abstract (arXiv)
Language models detect false premises when asked directly but absorb them under conversational pressure, producing authoritative professional output built on errors they already identified. This failure - order-gap hallucination - is invisible to output inspection because the error migrates into the activation space of the safety circuit, suppressed but not erased. We introduce Squish and Release (S&R), an activation-patching architecture with two components: a fixed detector body (layers 24-31, the localized safety evaluation circuit) and a swappable detector core (an activation vector controlling perception direction). A safety core shifts the model from compliance toward detection; an absorb core reverses it. We evaluate on OLMo-2 7B using the Order-Gap Benchmark - 500 chains across 500 domains, all manually graded. Key findings: cascade collapse is near-total (99.8% compliance at O5); the detector body is binary and localized (layers 24-31 shift 93.6%, layers 0-23 contribute zero, p<10^-189); a synthetically engineered core releases 76.6% of collapsed chains; detection is the more stable attractor (83% restore vs 58% suppress); and epistemic specificity is confirmed (false-premise core releases 45.4%, true-premise core releases 0.0%). The contribution is the framework - body/core architecture, benchmark, and core engineering methodology - which is model-agnostic by design.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2026.
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References · 9
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
- 2022Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPTcited by 2,691
- 2023Representation Engineering: A Top-Down Approach to AI Transparencycited by 1,336
- 2023Language Models Don't Always Say What They Think: Unfaithful Explanations in Chain-of-Thought Promptingcited by 1,122
- 2022Toy Models of Superpositioncited by 971
- 2023The Internal State of an LLM Knows When It's Lyingcited by 659
- 2024INSIDE: LLMs' Internal States Retain the Power of Hallucination Detectioncited by 323
- 2024Programming Refusal with Conditional Activation Steeringcited by 206
- 2025TRUTH DECAY: Quantifying Multi-Turn Sycophancy in Language Modelscited by 33
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