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Generative AI for Quantum Circuits and Quantum Code: A Technical Review and Taxonomy

arXiv 2603.16216 ↗First posted 17 Mar 2026cs.CE cs.AI cs.ETcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

We review thirteen generative systems and five supporting datasets for quantum circuit and quantum code generation, identified through a structured scoping review of Hugging Face, arXiv, and provenance tracing (January-February 2026). We organize the field along two axes: artifact type (Qiskit code, OpenQASM programs, circuit graphs); crossed with training regime (supervised fine-tuning, verifier-in-the-loop RL, diffusion/graph generation, agentic optimization); and systematically apply a three-layer evaluation framework covering syntactic validity, semantic correctness, and hardware executability. The central finding is that while all reviewed systems address syntax and most address semantics to some degree, none reports end-to-end evaluation on quantum hardware (Layer 3b), leaving a significant gap between generated circuits and practical deployment. Scope note: quantum code refers throughout to quantum program artifacts (QASM, Qiskit); we do not cover generation of quantum error-correcting codes (QEC).

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References · 17

  1. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  2. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  3. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,427
  4. 2020CodeBERT: A Pre-Trained Model for Programming and Natural Languagescited by 1,286
  5. 2023Quantum circuit synthesis with diffusion modelscited by 33
  6. 2024Qiskit HumanEval: An Evaluation Benchmark For Quantum Code Generative Modelscited by 29
  7. 2025Agent-Q: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Quantum Circuit Generation and Optimizationcited by 17
  8. 2024QCircuitBench: A Large-Scale Dataset for Benchmarking Quantum Algorithm Designcited by 14
  9. 2025QUASAR: Quantum Assembly Code Generation Using Tool-Augmented LLMs via Agentic RLcited by 11
  10. 2025QAgent: An LLM-based Multi-Agent System for Autonomous OpenQASM programmingcited by 9
  11. 2024KetGPT - Dataset Augmentation of Quantum Circuits using Transformerscited by 8
  12. 2025Synthesis of discrete-continuous quantum circuits with multimodal diffusion modelscited by 6
5 more
  1. 2025Quantum Verifiable Rewards for Post-Training Qiskit Code Assistantcited by 6
  2. 2025UDiTQC: U-Net-Style Diffusion Transformer for Quantum Circuit Synthesiscited by 4
  3. 2025Q-Fusion: Diffusing Quantum Circuitscited by 4
  4. 2025Leveraging Diffusion Models for Parameterized Quantum Circuit Generationcited by 4
  5. 2024AltGraph: Redesigning Quantum Circuits Using Generative Graph Models for Efficient Optimizationcited by 3

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