Gated Graph Attention Networks for Predicting Duration of Large Scale Power Outages Induced by Natural Disasters

The occurrence of large-scale power outages induced by natural disasters has been on the rise in a changing climate. Such power outages often last extended durations, causing substantial financial losses and socioeconomic impacts to customers. Accurate estimation of outage duration is thus critical for enhancing the resilience of energy infrastructure under severe weather. We formulate such a task as a machine learning (ML) problem with focus on unique real-world challenges: high-order spatial dependency in the data, a moderate number of large-scale outage events, heterogeneous types of such events, and different impacts in a region within each event. To address these challenges, we develop a Bimodal Gated Graph Attention Network (BiGGAT), a graph-based neural network model, that integrates a Graph Attention Network (GAT) with a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to capture the complex spatial characteristics. We evaluate the approach in a setting of inductive learning, using large-scale power outage data from six major hurricanes in the Southeastern United States. Experimental results demonstrate that BiGGAT achieves a superior performance compared to benchmark models.