ADVERSA: Measuring Multi-Turn Guardrail Degradation and Judge Reliability in Large Language Models
On the map: LLM safety and security → Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails
Abstract (arXiv)
Most adversarial evaluations of large language model (LLM) safety assess single prompts and report binary pass/fail outcomes, which fails to capture how safety properties evolve under sustained adversarial interaction. We present ADVERSA, an automated red-teaming framework that measures guardrail degradation dynamics as continuous per-round compliance trajectories rather than discrete jailbreak events. ADVERSA uses a fine-tuned 70B attacker model (ADVERSA-Red, Llama-3.1-70B-Instruct with QLoRA) that eliminates the attacker-side safety refusals that render off-the-shelf models unreliable as attackers, scoring victim responses on a structured 5-point rubric that treats partial compliance as a distinct measurable state. We report a controlled experiment across three frontier victim models (Claude Opus 4.6, Gemini 3.1 Pro, GPT-5.2) using a triple-judge consensus architecture in which judge reliability is measured as a first-class research outcome rather than assumed. Across 15 conversations of up to 10 adversarial rounds, we observe a 26.7% jailbreak rate with an average jailbreak round of 1.25, suggesting that in this evaluation setting, successful jailbreaks were concentrated in early rounds rather than accumulating through sustained pressure. We document inter-judge agreement rates, self-judge scoring tendencies, attacker drift as a failure mode in fine-tuned attackers deployed out of their training distribution, and attacker refusals as a previously-underreported confound in victim resistance measurement. All limitations are stated explicitly. Attack prompts are withheld per responsible disclosure policy; all other experimental artifacts are released.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Safety alignment, refusal and guardrails, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 22 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Mar 2026.
Builds on
22 of 27 references.
References · 22
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- 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
- 2022Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Modelscited by 760
10 more
- 2023AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language Modelscited by 738
- 2022Red Teaming Language Models to Reduce Harms: Methods, Scaling Behaviors, and Lessons Learnedcited by 702
- 2023Tree of Attacks: Jailbreaking Black-Box LLMs Automaticallycited by 619
- 2024JailbreakBench: An Open Robustness Benchmark for Jailbreaking Large Language Modelscited by 494
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- 2023Shadow Alignment: The Ease of Subverting Safely-Aligned Language Modelscited by 284
- 2023Scalable and Transferable Black-Box Jailbreaks for Language Models via Persona Modulationcited by 202
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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