LLM-Driven Online Aggregation for Unstructured Text Analytics

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong capabilities in text processing, and recent research has augmented SQL and DataFrame with LLM-powered semantic operators for data analysis. However, LLM-based data processing is hindered by slower token generation speeds compared to relational queries. To enhance real-time responsiveness, we propose OLLA, an LLM-driven online aggregation framework that accelerates semantic processing within relational queries. In contrast to batch-processing systems that yield results only after the entire dataset is processed, our approach incrementally transforms text into a structured data stream and applies online aggregation to provide progressive output. To enhance our online aggregation process, we introduce a semantic stratified sampling approach that improves data selection and expedites convergence to the ground truth. Evaluations show that OLLA reaches 1% accuracy error bound compared with labeled ground truth using less than 4% of the full-data time. It achieves speedups ranging from 1.6× to 38× across diverse domains, measured by comparing the time to reach a 5% error bound with that of full-data time. We release our code at https://github.com/olla-project/llm-online-agg.git.