mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Large Language Model for Discrete Optimization Problems: Evaluation and Step-by-step Reasoning

arXiv 2603.07733 ↗First posted 8 Mar 2026cs.AI cs.CL math.OCcited by 0

On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning

Abstract (arXiv)

This work investigated the capabilities of different models, including the Llama-3 series of models and CHATGPT, with different forms of expression in solving discrete optimization problems by testing natural language datasets. In contrast to formal datasets with a limited scope of parameters, our dataset included a variety of problem types in discrete optimization problems and featured a wide range of parameter magnitudes, including instances with large parameter sets, integrated with augmented data. It aimed to (1) provide an overview of LLMs' ability in large-scale problems, (2) offer suggestions to those who want to solve discrete optimization problems automatically, and (3) regard the performance as a benchmark for future research. These datasets included original, expanded and augmented datasets. Among these three datasets, the original and augmented ones aimed for evaluation while the expanded one may help finetune a new model. In the experiment, comparisons were made between strong and week models, CoT methods and No-CoT methods on various datasets. The result showed that stronger model performed better reasonably. Contrary to general agreement, it also showed that CoT technique was not always effective regarding the capability of models and disordered datasets improved performance of models on easy to-understand problems, even though they were sometimes with high variance, a manifestation of instability. Therefore, for those who seek to enhance the automatic resolution of discrete optimization problems, it is recommended to consult the results, including the line charts presented in the Appendix, as well as the conclusions drawn in this study for relevant suggestions.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Mar 2026.

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14 of 34 references.

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  1. 2024GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models7 Oct
  2. 2024Large Language Models for Mathematical Reasoning: Progresses and Challenges31 Jan
  3. 2023WizardMath: Empowering Mathematical Reasoning for Large Language Models via Reinforced Evol-Instruct18 Aug

Other references · 11

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  3. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  4. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
  5. 2022Program of Thoughts Prompting: Disentangling Computation from Reasoning for Numerical Reasoning Taskscited by 1,057
  6. 2023Large Language Models as Optimizerscited by 830
  7. 2019MathQA: Towards Interpretable Math Word Problem Solving with Operation-Based Formalismscited by 653
  8. 2020Solving Mixed Integer Programs Using Neural Networkscited by 178
  9. 2024ORLM: A Customizable Framework in Training Large Models for Automated Optimization Modelingcited by 124
  10. 2025Enough Coin Flips Can Make LLMs Act Bayesiancited by 19
  11. 2024Verbalized Machine Learning: Revisiting Machine Learning with Language Modelscited by 17

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  1. 2025Peering Inside the Black Box: Uncovering LLM Errors in Optimization Modelling through Component-Level Evaluation
  2. 2026Optimization and Constraint Modeling using LLMs with a Retrieval Augmented Generation Process
  3. 2025A Systematic Survey on Large Language Models for Evolutionary Optimization: From Modeling to Solving
  4. 2025LLMize: A Framework for Large Language Model-Based Numerical Optimization
  5. 2025LLM-ProS: Analyzing Large Language Models' Performance in Competitive Problem Solving
  6. 2025Step-Opt: Boosting Optimization Modeling in LLMs through Iterative Data Synthesis and Structured Validation
  7. 2025Teaching LLMs to Think Mathematically: A Critical Study of Decision-Making via Optimization
  8. 2025DCP-Bench-Open: Evaluating LLMs for Constraint Modelling of Discrete Combinatorial Problems