mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LLMs for High-Frequency Decision-Making: Normalized Action Reward-Guided Consistency Policy Optimization

arXiv 2603.02680 ↗First posted 3 Mar 2026cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

While Large Language Models (LLMs) form the cornerstone of sequential decision-making agent development, they have inherent limitations in high-frequency decision tasks. Existing research mainly focuses on discrete embodied decision scenarios with low-frequency and significant semantic differences in state space (e.g., household planning). These methods suffer from limited performance in high-frequency decision-making tasks, since high-precision numerical state information in such tasks undergoes frequent updates with minimal fluctuations, and exhibiting policy misalignment between the learned sub-tasks and composite tasks. To address these issues, this paper proposes Normalized Action Reward guided Consistency Policy Optimization (NAR-CP). 1) Our method first acquires predefined dense rewards from environmental feedback of candidate actions via reward functions, then completes reward shaping through normalization, and theoretically verifies action reward normalization does not impair optimal policy. 2) To reduce policy misalignment in composite tasks, we use LLMs to infer sub-observation candidate actions and generate joint policies, with consistency loss ensuring precise alignment between global semantic policies and sub-semantic policies. Experiments on UAV pursuit, a typical high-frequency task, show our method delivers superior performance on independent and composite tasks with excellent generalization to unseen tasks.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Mar 2026.

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14 of 21 references.

References · 14

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  2. 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 2,997
  3. 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,302
  4. 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,057
  5. 2020Curriculum Learning for Reinforcement Learning Domains: A Framework and Surveycited by 350
  6. 2023Towards Revealing the Mystery behind Chain of Thought: A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 293
  7. 2018BabyAI: A Platform to Study the Sample Efficiency of Grounded Language Learningcited by 238
  8. 2023Grounding Large Language Models in Interactive Environments with Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 193
  9. 2023ReWOO: Decoupling Reasoning from Observations for Efficient Augmented Language Modelscited by 174
  10. 2020Learning to Utilize Shaping Rewards: A New Approach of Reward Shapingcited by 112
  11. 2018Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Meta-Policy Optimizationcited by 99
  12. 2023Large Language Models as Generalizable Policies for Embodied Taskscited by 86
2 more
  1. 2024True Knowledge Comes from Practice: Aligning LLMs with Embodied Environments via Reinforcement Learningcited by 36
  2. 2025ReDit: Reward Dithering for Improved LLM Policy Optimizationcited by 8

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  3. 2026Hybrid LLM-Augmented Reinforcement Learning Agents for Complex Sequential Decision Tasks
  4. 2024From Words to Actions: Unveiling the Theoretical Underpinnings of LLM-Driven Autonomous Systems
  5. 2026Policy-Invariant Reward Shaping from LLM Feedback: A Framework for Hybrid RL Agents
  6. 2026LLM-ALSO: LLM-Driven Adaptive Learning-Signal Optimization for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
  7. 2026Reward-Driven LLM Agent Workflows: Synthesizing POMDP Routing and Self-Correction for Autonomous Decision-Making
  8. 2025A Survey on Progress in LLM Alignment from the Perspective of Reward Design