Do Multilingual LLMs have specialized language heads?
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multilingual large language models (LLMs) have gained significant popularity for their ability to process and generate text across multiple languages. However, deploying these models in production can be inefficient when only a subset of the supported languages is of interest. There has been some research conducted on identifying whether machine translation models have language-specific or language-agnostic heads, however no research has been conducted for multilingual LLMs, to the best of our knowledge, that as we know are capable of performing diverse tasks beyond just translation. This paper explores whether multilingual LLMs have specialized language attention heads for each language, and investigates the possibility of removing language-specific heads for unwanted languages without degrading performance in the targeted languages. Our findings could inform more efficient deployment strategies for multilingual LLMs, enabling reduced model complexity while maintaining high accuracy for targeted languages.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2026.
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References · 11
- 2018The Lottery Ticket Hypothesis: Finding Sparse, Trainable Neural Networkscited by 2,250
- 2020Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Are Key-Value Memoriescited by 1,307
- 2019Analyzing Multi-Head Self-Attention: Specialized Heads Do the Heavy Lifting, the Rest Can Be Prunedcited by 844
- 2019Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One?cited by 803
- 2022Emergent World Representations: Exploring a Sequence Model Trained on a Synthetic Taskcited by 417
- 2024Aya Model: An Instruction Finetuned Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 292
- 2021Thinking Like Transformerscited by 182
- 2024Aya 23: Open Weight Releases to Further Multilingual Progresscited by 121
- 2024The Missing Curve Detectors of InceptionV1: Applying Sparse Autoencoders to InceptionV1 Early Visioncited by 37
- 2022Shapley Head Pruning: Identifying and Removing Interference in Multilingual Transformerscited by 9
- 2021Do Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Models Contain Language Pair Specific Attention Heads?cited by 6
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