Automating Forecasting Question Generation and Resolution for AI Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Forecasting future events is highly valuable in decision-making and is a robust measure of general intelligence. As forecasting is probabilistic, developing and evaluating AI forecasters requires generating large numbers of diverse and difficult questions, and accurately resolving them. Previous efforts to automate this laborious work relied on recurring data sources (e.g., weather, stocks), limiting diversity and utility. In this work, we present a system for generating and resolving high-quality forecasting questions automatically and at scale using LLM-powered web research agents. We use this system to generate 1499 diverse, real-world forecasting questions, and to resolve them several months later. We estimate that our system produces verifiable, unambiguous questions approximately 96% of the time, exceeding the rate of Metaculus, a leading human-curated forecasting platform. We also find that our system resolves questions at approximately 95% accuracy. We verify that forecasting agents powered by more intelligent LLMs perform better on these questions (Brier score of 0.134 for Gemini 3 Pro, 0.149 for GPT-5, and 0.179 for Gemini 2.5 Flash). Finally, we demonstrate how our system can be leveraged to directly improve forecasting, by evaluating a question decomposition strategy on a generated question set, yielding a significant improvement in Brier scores (0.132 vs. 0.141).
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2026.
Builds on
6 of 64 references.
References · 6
- 2024ForecastBench: A Dynamic Benchmark of AI Forecasting Capabilitiescited by 104
- 2024Approaching Human-Level Forecasting with Language Modelscited by 102
- 2024Wisdom of the Silicon Crowd: LLM Ensemble Prediction Capabilities Rival Human Crowd Accuracycited by 66
- 2025Deep Research Bench: Evaluating AI Web Research Agentscited by 31
- 2025Bench to the Future: A Pastcasting Benchmark for Forecasting Agentscited by 20
- 2024Reasoning and Tools for Human-Level Forecastingcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
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- 2026ODTQA-FoRe: An Open-Domain Tabular Question Answering Dataset for Future Data Forecasting and Reasoning
- 2025AlphaCast: A Human Wisdom-LLM Intelligence Co-Reasoning Framework for Interactive Time Series Forecasting
- 2025AgenticMath: Enhancing LLM Reasoning via Agentic-based Math Data Generation
- 2024MIRAI: Evaluating LLM Agents for Event Forecasting