mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PROST-LLM: Progressively Enhancing the Speech-to-Speech Translation Capability in LLMs

arXiv 2601.16618 ↗First posted 23 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in many tasks, their application to Speech-to-Speech Translation (S2ST) is underexplored and hindered by data scarcity. To bridge this gap, we propose PROST-LLM (PROgressive Speech-to-speech Translation) to enhance the S2ST capabilities in LLMs progressively. First, we fine-tune the LLMs with the CVSS corpus, employing designed tri-task learning and chain of modality methods to boost the initial performance. Then, leveraging the fine-tuned model, we generate preference pairs through self-sampling and back-translation without human evaluation. Finally, these preference pairs are used for preference optimization to enhance the model's S2ST capability further. Extensive experiments confirm the effectiveness of our proposed PROST-LLM in improving the S2ST capability of LLMs.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.

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References · 17

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
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  5. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
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  11. 2019Direct speech-to-speech translation with a sequence-to-sequence modelcited by 118
  12. 2024The T05 System for The VoiceMOS Challenge 2024: Transfer Learning from Deep Image Classifier to Naturalness MOS Prediction of High-Quality Synthetic Speechcited by 78
5 more
  1. 2022CVSS Corpus and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 71
  2. 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
  3. 2020UWSpeech: Speech to Speech Translation for Unwritten Languagescited by 43
  4. 2022TranSpeech: Speech-to-Speech Translation With Bilateral Perturbationcited by 34
  5. 2024Adaptive Query Rewriting: Aligning Rewriters through Marginal Probability of Conversational Answerscited by 15

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  1. 2023Speech Translation with Large Language Models: An Industrial Practice
  2. 2024Making LLMs Better Many-to-Many Speech-to-Text Translators with Curriculum Learning
  3. 2023Tuning Large language model for End-to-end Speech Translation
  4. 2024Investigating Decoder-only Large Language Models for Speech-to-text Translation
  5. 2025Revisiting Direct Speech-to-Text Translation with Speech LLMs: Better Scaling than CoT Prompting?
  6. 2025AzeroS: Extending LLM to Speech with Self-Generated Instruction-Free Tuning
  7. 2024Contrastive Preference Optimization: Pushing the Boundaries of LLM Performance in Machine Translation
  8. 2024SeamlessExpressiveLM: Speech Language Model for Expressive Speech-to-Speech Translation with Chain-of-Thought