Aeon: High-Performance Neuro-Symbolic Memory Management for Long-Horizon LLM Agents
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are fundamentally constrained by the quadratic computational cost of self-attention and the "Lost in the Middle" phenomenon, where reasoning capabilities degrade as context windows expand. Existing solutions, primarily "Flat RAG" architectures relying on vector databases, treat memory as an unstructured bag of embeddings, failing to capture the hierarchical and temporal structure of long-horizon interactions. This paper presents Aeon, a Neuro-Symbolic Cognitive Operating System that redefines memory as a managed OS resource. Aeon structures memory into a Memory Palace (a spatial index implemented via Atlas, a SIMD-accelerated Page-Clustered Vector Index) and a Trace (a neuro-symbolic episodic graph). This architecture introduces three advances: (1) Symmetric INT8 Scalar Quantization, achieving 3.1x spatial compression and 5.6x math acceleration via NEON SDOT intrinsics; (2) a decoupled Write-Ahead Log (WAL) ensuring crash-recoverability with statistically negligible overhead (<1%); and (3) a Sidecar Blob Arena eliminating the prior 440-character text ceiling via an append-only mmap-backed blob file with generational garbage collection. The Semantic Lookaside Buffer (SLB) exploits conversational locality to achieve sub-5us retrieval latencies, with INT8 vectors dequantized to FP32 on cache insertion to preserve L1-resident lookup performance. Benchmarks on Apple M4 Max demonstrate that the combined architecture achieves 4.70ns INT8 dot product latency, 3.09us tree traversal at 100K nodes (3.4x over FP32), and P99 read latency of 750ns under hostile 16-thread contention via epoch-based reclamation.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 9 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Jan 2026.
Builds on
9 of 20 references.
References · 9
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,824
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
- 2017Billion-scale similarity search with GPUscited by 2,497
- 2024From Local to Global: A Graph RAG Approach to Query-Focused Summarizationcited by 1,453
- 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,389
- 2016Efficient and robust approximate nearest neighbor search using Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphscited by 861
- 2014Neural Turing Machinescited by 644
- 2017Word Translation Without Parallel Datacited by 487
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
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Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023ChatDB: Augmenting LLMs with Databases as Their Symbolic Memory
- 2024Memory3: Language Modeling with Explicit Memory
- 2026Gram-Space: Structure-Preserving Codebook Compression for Memory-Efficient Neuro-Symbolic AI
- 2026Advancing Multimodal Agent Reasoning with Long-Term Neuro-Symbolic Memory
- 2025Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence: Towards Improving the Reasoning Abilities of Large Language Models
- 2025A-MEM: Agentic Memory for LLM Agents
- 2025MemOS: A Memory OS for AI System
- 2025Rethinking Reasoning in LLMs: Neuro-Symbolic Local RetoMaton Beyond ICL and CoT