mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

KidVis: Do Multimodal Large Language Models Possess the Visual Perceptual Capabilities of a 6-Year-Old?

arXiv 2601.08292 ↗First posted 13 Jan 2026cs.CVcited by 0

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning

Abstract (arXiv)

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive proficiency in high-level reasoning tasks, such as complex diagrammatic interpretation, it remains an open question whether they possess the fundamental visual primitives comparable to human intuition. To investigate this, we introduce KidVis, a novel benchmark grounded in the theory of human visual development. KidVis deconstructs visual intelligence into six atomic capabilities - Concentration, Tracking, Discrimination, Memory, Spatial, and Closure - already possessed by 6-7 year old children, comprising 10 categories of low-semantic-dependent visual tasks. Evaluating 20 state-of-the-art MLLMs against a human physiological baseline reveals a stark performance disparity. Results indicate that while human children achieve a near-perfect average score of 95.32, the state-of-the-art GPT-5 attains only 67.33. Crucially, we observe a "Scaling Law Paradox": simply increasing model parameters fails to yield linear improvements in these foundational visual capabilities. This study confirms that current MLLMs, despite their reasoning prowess, lack the essential physiological perceptual primitives required for generalized visual intelligence.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 14 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jan 2026.

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14 of 28 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Core Knowledge Deficits in Multi-Modal Language Models6 Oct
  2. 2024Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMs11 Jan
  3. 2023LVLM-eHub: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Large Vision-Language Models15 Jun

Other references · 11

  1. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  2. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,044
  3. 2023PaLM-E: An Embodied Multimodal Language Modelcited by 2,037
  4. 2023Evaluating Object Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 1,696
  5. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,582
  6. 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,287
  7. 2023Vision Transformers Need Registerscited by 844
  8. 2023HallusionBench: An Advanced Diagnostic Suite for Entangled Language Hallucination and Visual Illusion in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 572
  9. 2021Intriguing Properties of Vision Transformerscited by 446
  10. 2025Vision Language Models are Biasedcited by 63
  11. 2021Are Vision Transformers Robust to Patch Perturbations?cited by 39

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  1. 2026BabyVision: Visual Reasoning Beyond Language
  2. 2024What is the Visual Cognition Gap between Humans and Multimodal LLMs?
  3. 2026Mind's Eye: A Benchmark of Visual Abstraction, Transformation and Composition for Multimodal LLMs
  4. 2026Children's Intelligence Tests Pose Challenges for MLLMs? KidGym: A 2D Grid-Based Reasoning Benchmark for MLLMs
  5. 2024DevBench: A multimodal developmental benchmark for language learning
  6. 2025Human Cognitive Benchmarks Reveal Foundational Visual Gaps in MLLMs
  7. 2025NanoVLMs: How small can we go and still make coherent Vision Language Models?
  8. 2025Model Merging to Maintain Language-Only Performance in Developmentally Plausible Multimodal Models