Evaluating Robustness of Large Language Models in Enterprise Applications: Benchmarks for Perturbation Consistency Across Formats and Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
Enterprise LLM applications require consistently high quality and reliable performance across diverse scenarios, demanding robustness to minor variations. Existing research shows that even small prompt changes can lead to substantial differences in output, but has mainly focused on a narrow set of perturbations with small academic datasets, limiting their relevance to real-world applications. To address this, we present a comprehensive benchmark suite that evaluates robustness across multiple perturbation types, including general text edits (e.g., punctuation, whitespace), formatting changes (e.g., JSON, YAML), multilingual and cross-lingual inputs, and positional variations in instructions. Evaluating 11 models ranging from 4B to 120B+ parameters, we find that minor perturbations reduce performance by up to 40 percentage points on key enterprise metrics. Critically, we demonstrate that the relationship between model size and robustness is more nuanced than conventional assumptions suggest: an 8B parameter model (Ministral 3 8B) outperforms most larger models, while another 8B model (Llama 3.1 8B) performs worst overall.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2026.
Builds on
8 of 12 references.
References · 8
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023Are Large Language Models Really Robust to Word-Level Perturbations?cited by 32
- 2025StructEval: Benchmarking LLMs' Capabilities to Generate Structural Outputscited by 23
- 2024NLPerturbator: Studying the Robustness of Code LLMs to Natural Language Variationscited by 19
- 2025Enhancing LLM Robustness to Perturbed Instructions: An Empirical Studycited by 17
- 2025Order Matters: Investigate the Position Bias in Multi-constraint Instruction Followingcited by 12
- 2024Towards Understanding the Robustness of LLM-based Evaluations under Perturbationscited by 10
- 2024StructEval: Deepen and Broaden Large Language Model Assessment via Structured Evaluationcited by 9
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026Fragile Thoughts: How Large Language Models Handle Chain-of-Thought Perturbationscited by 5
- 2026Mitigating Translationese Bias in Multilingual LLM-as-a-Judge via Disentangled Information Bottleneckcited by 2
- 2026Measuring Reasoning Quality in LLMs: A Multi-Dimensional Behavioral Frameworkcited by 2
- 2026Evaluating LLM-Based Grant Proposal Review via Structured Perturbationscited by 1
- 2026Measuring Reasoning Quality in LLMs: A Multi-Dimensional Behavioral Framework23 May 2026
- 2026Mitigating Translationese Bias in Multilingual LLM-as-a-Judge via Disentangled Information Bottleneck11 Mar 2026
- 2026Evaluating LLM-Based Grant Proposal Review via Structured Perturbations9 Mar 2026
- 2026Fragile Thoughts: How Large Language Models Handle Chain-of-Thought Perturbations11 Feb 2026