mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Stephanie2: Thinking, Waiting, and Making Decisions Like Humans in Step-by-Step AI Social Chat

arXiv 2601.05657 ↗First posted 9 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Instant-messaging human social chat typically progresses through a sequence of short messages. Existing step-by-step AI chatting systems typically split a one-shot generation into multiple messages and send them sequentially, but they lack an active waiting mechanism and exhibit unnatural message pacing. In order to address these issues, we propose Stephanie2, a novel next-generation step-wise decision-making dialogue agent. With active waiting and message-pace adaptation, Stephanie2 explicitly decides at each step whether to send or wait, and models latency as the sum of thinking time and typing time to achieve more natural pacing. We further introduce a time-window-based dual-agent dialogue system to generate pseudo dialogue histories for human and automatic evaluations. Experiments show that Stephanie2 clearly outperforms Stephanie1 on metrics such as naturalness and engagement, and achieves a higher pass rate on human evaluation with the role identification Turing test.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2026.

Builds on

15 of 23 references.

References · 15

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  3. 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,068
  4. 2018Personalizing Dialogue Agents: I have a dog, do you have pets too?cited by 820
  5. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 320
  6. 2022AugESC: Dialogue Augmentation with Large Language Models for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 79
  7. 2024A Review of Prominent Paradigms for LLM-Based Agents: Tool Use (Including RAG), Planning, and Feedback Learningcited by 74
  8. 2024Can Large Language Models be Good Emotional Supporter? Mitigating Preference Bias on Emotional Support Conversationcited by 55
  9. 2025From Personas to Talks: Revisiting the Impact of Personas on LLM-Synthesized Emotional Support Conversationscited by 23
  10. 2025IntentionESC: An Intention-Centered Framework for Enhancing Emotional Support in Dialogue Systemscited by 11
  11. 2024X-TURING: Towards an Enhanced and Efficient Turing Test for Long-Term Dialogue Agentscited by 6
  12. 2024Stephanie: Step-by-Step Dialogues for Mimicking Human Interactions in Social Conversationscited by 5
3 more
  1. 2025Emotional Supporters often Use Multiple Strategies in a Single Turncited by 5
  2. 2024The Future of Cognitive Strategy-enhanced Persuasive Dialogue Agents: New Perspectives and Trendscited by 4
  3. 2024A Career Interview Dialogue System using Large Language Model-based Dynamic Slot Generationcited by 3

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