Vibe Coding an LLM-powered Theorem Prover
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present Isabellm, an LLM-powered theorem prover for Isabelle/HOL that performs fully automatic proof synthesis. Isabellm works with any local LLM on Ollama and APIs such as Gemini CLI, and it is designed to run on consumer grade computers. The system combines a stepwise prover, which uses large language models to propose proof commands validated by Isabelle in a bounded search loop, with a higher-level proof planner that generates structured Isar outlines and attempts to fill and repair remaining gaps. The framework includes beam search for tactics, tactics reranker ML and RL models, premise selection with small transformer models, micro-RAG for Isar proofs built from AFP, and counter-example guided proof repair. All the code is implemented by GPT 4.1 - 5.2, Gemini 3 Pro, and Claude 4.5. Empirically, Isabellm can prove certain lemmas that defeat Isabelle's standard automation, including Sledgehammer, demonstrating the practical value of LLM-guided proof search. At the same time, we find that even state-of-the-art LLMs, such as GPT 5.2 Extended Thinking and Gemini 3 Pro struggle to reliably implement the intended fill-and-repair mechanisms with complex algorithmic designs, highlighting fundamental challenges in LLM code generation and reasoning. The code of Isabellm is available at https://github.com/zhehou/llm-isabelle
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 5 of its 11 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jan 2026.
Builds on
5 of 11 references.
References · 5
- 2023MetaMath: Bootstrap Your Own Mathematical Questions for Large Language Modelscited by 735
- 2023LeanDojo: Theorem Proving with Retrieval-Augmented Language Modelscited by 427
- 2021MiniF2F: a cross-system benchmark for formal Olympiad-level mathematicscited by 391
- 2022HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Provingcited by 197
- 2024Proving Theorems Recursivelycited by 26
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
- 2026CAPRI: Contract-Aware Proof Repair for Isabellecited by 0
- 2026CAPRI: Contract-Aware Proof Repair for Isabelle13 Aug 2026
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