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LION-DG: Layer-Informed Initialization with Deep Gradient Protocols for Accelerated Neural Network Training

arXiv 2601.02105 ↗First posted 5 Jan 2026cs.LG cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Weight initialization remains decisive for neural network optimization, yet existing methods are largely layer-agnostic. We study initialization for deeply-supervised architectures with auxiliary classifiers, where untrained auxiliary heads can destabilize early training through gradient interference. We propose LION-DG, a layer-informed initialization that zero-initializes auxiliary classifier heads while applying standard He-initialization to the backbone. We prove that this implements Gradient Awakening: auxiliary gradients are exactly zero at initialization, then phase in naturally as weights grow -- providing an implicit warmup without hyperparameters. Experiments on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100 with DenseNet-DS and ResNet-DS architectures demonstrate: (1) DenseNet-DS: +8.3% faster convergence on CIFAR-10 with comparable accuracy, (2) Hybrid approach: Combining LSUV with LION-DG achieves best accuracy (81.92% on CIFAR-10), (3) ResNet-DS: Positive speedup on CIFAR-100 (+11.3%) with side-tap auxiliary design. We identify architecture-specific trade-offs and provide clear guidelines for practitioners. LION-DG is simple, requires zero hyperparameters, and adds no computational overhead.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jan 2026.

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22 of 31 references.

References · 22

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10 more
  1. 2021Conflict-Averse Gradient Descent for Multi-task Learningcited by 441
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  9. 2021ZerO Initialization: Initializing Neural Networks with only Zeros and Onescited by 28
  10. 2022A Comprehensive Review on Deep Supervision: Theories and Applicationscited by 10

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