mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Beyond Gemini-3-Pro: Revisiting LLM Routing and Aggregation at Scale

arXiv 2601.01330 ↗First posted 4 Jan 2026cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) have rapidly advanced, with Gemini-3-Pro setting a new performance milestone. In this work, we explore collective intelligence as an alternative to monolithic scaling, and demonstrate that open-source LLMs' collaboration can surpass Gemini-3-Pro. We first revisit LLM routing and aggregation at scale and identify three key bottlenecks: (1) current train-free routers are limited by a query-based paradigm focusing solely on textual similarity; (2) recent aggregation methods remain largely static, failing to select appropriate aggregators for different tasks;(3) the complementarity of routing and aggregation remains underutilized. To address these problems, we introduce JiSi, a novel framework designed to release the full potential of LLMs' collaboration through three innovations: (1) Query-Response Mixed Routing capturing both semantic information and problem difficulty; (2) Support-Set-based Aggregator Selection jointly evaluating the aggregation and domain capacity of aggregators; (3) Adaptive Routing-Aggregation Switch dynamically leveraging the advantages of routing and aggregation. Comprehensive experiments on nine benchmarks demonstrate that JiSi can surpass Gemini-3-Pro with only 47% costs by orchestrating ten open-source LLMs, while outperforming mainstream baselines. It suggests that collective intelligence represents a novel path towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI).

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2026.

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24 of 34 references.

References · 24

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12 more
  1. 2023Large Language Model Routing with Benchmark Datasetscited by 166
  2. 2024GraphRouter: A Graph-based Router for LLM Selectionscited by 154
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  5. 2025Rethinking Mixture-of-Agents: Is Mixing Different Large Language Models Beneficial?cited by 52
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