Increasing the Thinking Budget is Not All You Need
On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking
Abstract (arXiv)
Recently, a new wave of thinking-capable Large Language Models has emerged, demonstrating exceptional capabilities across a wide range of reasoning benchmarks. Early studies have begun to explore how the amount of compute in terms of the length of the reasoning process, the so-called thinking budget, impacts model performance. In this work, we propose a systematic investigation of the thinking budget as a key parameter, examining its interaction with various configurations such as self-consistency, reflection, and others. Our goal is to provide an informative, balanced comparison framework that considers both performance outcomes and computational cost. Among our findings, we discovered that simply increasing the thinking budget is not the most effective use of compute. More accurate responses can instead be achieved through alternative configurations, such as self-consistency and self-reflection.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 7 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2025.
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7 of 16 references.
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Same direction, newest first
- 2025Between Underthinking and Overthinking: An Empirical Study of Reasoning Length and correctness in LLMs30 Apr
- 2025s1: Simple test-time scaling31 Jan
- 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters6 Aug
- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback30 Mar
Other references · 3
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2022Galactica: A Large Language Model for Sciencecited by 736
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- 2026When More Thinking Hurts: Overthinking in LLM Test-Time Compute Scaling
- 2026Brief Is Better: Non-Monotonic Chain-of-Thought Budget Effects in Function-Calling Language Agents
- 2025THiNK: Can Large Language Models Think-aloud?
- 2025Thought calibration: Efficient and confident test-time scaling
- 2025Harnessing the Reasoning Economy: A Survey of Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Models
- 2026The Coupling Tax: How Shared Token Budgets Undermine Visible Chain-of-Thought Under Fixed Output Limits
- 2025Steering LLM Thinking with Budget Guidance
- 2025The Price of a Second Thought: On the Evaluation of Reasoning Efficiency in Large Language Models