mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Erasing CLIP Memories: Non-Destructive, Data-Free Zero-Shot class Unlearning in CLIP Models

arXiv 2512.14137 ↗First posted 16 Dec 2025cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: LLM safety and security → Machine unlearning

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce a novel, closed-form approach for selective unlearning in multimodal models, specifically targeting pretrained models such as CLIP. Our method leverages nullspace projection to erase the target class information embedded in the final projection layer, without requiring any retraining or the use of images from the forget set. By computing an orthonormal basis for the subspace spanned by target text embeddings and projecting these directions, we dramatically reduce the alignment between image features and undesired classes. Unlike traditional unlearning techniques that rely on iterative fine-tuning and extensive data curation, our approach is both computationally efficient and surgically precise. This leads to a pronounced drop in zero-shot performance for the target classes while preserving the overall multimodal knowledge of the model. Our experiments demonstrate that even a partial projection can balance between complete unlearning and retaining useful information, addressing key challenges in model decontamination and privacy preservation.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Machine unlearning, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 9 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2025.

Builds on

9 of 17 references.

Closest ancestors · 4

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024CLIPErase: Efficient Unlearning of Visual-Textual Associations in CLIP30 Oct
  2. 2024On the Limitations and Prospects of Machine Unlearning for Generative AI1 Aug
  3. 2024Zero-Shot Class Unlearning in CLIP with Synthetic Samples10 Jul
  4. 2023SalUn: Empowering Machine Unlearning via Gradient-based Weight Saliency in Both Image Classification and Generation19 Oct

Other references · 5

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2019Machine Unlearningcited by 1,061
  3. 2020Null It Out: Guarding Protected Attributes by Iterative Nullspace Projectioncited by 455
  4. 2024Machine Unlearning for Image-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 47
  5. 2024Online Zero-Shot Classification with CLIPcited by 22

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Selective, Controlled and Domain-Agnostic Unlearning in Pretrained CLIP: A Training- and Data-Free Approach
  2. 2025Targeted Forgetting of Image Subgroups in CLIP Models
  3. 2026Models Designed to Forget: Machine Unlearning via Key Deletion
  4. 2026SALMUBench: A Benchmark for Sensitive Association-Level Multimodal Unlearning
  5. 2026RAZOR: Ratio-Aware Layer Editing for Targeted Unlearning in Vision Transformers and Diffusion Models
  6. 2023Deep Unlearning: Fast and Efficient Gradient-free Approach to Class Forgetting
  7. 2025LeakyCLIP: Extracting Training Data from CLIP
  8. 2026Class Unlearning via Depth-Aware Removal of Forget-Specific Directions