mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Depth-Wise Activation Steering for Honest Language Models

arXiv 2512.07667 ↗First posted 8 Dec 2025cs.LGcited by 4

On the map: Mechanistic interpretability → Probing deception, bias and beliefs

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models sometimes assert falsehoods despite internally representing the correct answer, failures of honesty rather than accuracy, which undermines auditability and safety. Existing approaches largely optimize factual correctness or depend on retraining and brittle single-layer edits, offering limited leverage over truthful reporting. We present a training-free activation steering method that weights steering strength across network depth using a Gaussian schedule. On the MASK benchmark, which separates honesty from knowledge, we evaluate seven models spanning the LLaMA, Qwen, and Mistral families and find that Gaussian scheduling improves honesty over no-steering and single-layer baselines in six of seven models. Equal-budget ablations on LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct and Qwen-2.5-7B-Instruct show the Gaussian schedule outperforms random, uniform, and box-filter depth allocations, indicating that how intervention is distributed across depth materially affects outcomes beyond total strength. The method is simple, model-agnostic, requires no finetuning, and provides a low-cost control knob for eliciting truthful reporting from models' existing capabilities.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Probing deception, bias and beliefs, one of 13 directions in Mechanistic interpretability. Builds on 14 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2025.

Builds on

14 of 18 references.

References · 14

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Modelscited by 3,104
  3. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
  4. 2023Steering Llama 2 via Contrastive Activation Additioncited by 1,085
  5. 2023Steering Language Models With Activation Engineeringcited by 922
  6. 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Modelscited by 489
  7. 2023Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the MACHIAVELLI Benchmarkcited by 182
  8. 2024On Prompt-Driven Safeguarding for Large Language Modelscited by 116
  9. 2024Steering Language Model Refusal with Sparse Autoencoderscited by 95
  10. 2024Improving Steering Vectors by Targeting Sparse Autoencoder Featurescited by 92
  11. 2025The MASK Benchmark: Disentangling Honesty From Accuracy in AI Systemscited by 72
  12. 2024Semantics-Adaptive Activation Intervention for LLMs via Dynamic Steering Vectorscited by 63
2 more
  1. 2024Activation Scaling for Steering and Interpreting Language Modelscited by 35
  2. 2024Beyond Single Concept Vector: Modeling Concept Subspace in LLMs with Gaussian Distributioncited by 27

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Grounding Without Corrective Control: Truth-Tracking Profiles for Large Language Models
  2. 2026Linear Separability of Activation Representations after Supervised Fine-Tuning on Incorrect Responses: A Study of Synthetic Dishonesty in Large Language Models
  3. 2024Adaptive Activation Steering: A Tuning-Free LLM Truthfulness Improvement Method for Diverse Hallucinations Categories
  4. 2026The ACUTE Protocol: Operationalizing Language Model Activations for Better Calibration, Utility, and Trust
  5. 2026Latent space bias directions in LLMs capture confidence, not fairness
  6. 2026A Controlled Study of Decoding-Time Truthfulness Methods on Instruction-Tuned LLMs
  7. 2025Activation Steering for Bias Mitigation: An Interpretable Approach to Safer LLMs
  8. 2025When Truthful Representations Flip Under Deceptive Instructions?