mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

MLPMoE: Zero-Shot Architectural Metamorphosis of Dense LLM MLPs into Static Mixture-of-Experts

arXiv 2511.21089 ↗First posted 26 Nov 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 2

On the map: Mixture-of-experts → MoE large language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly deployed as dense transformers, where every parameter in every feed-forward block is activated for every token. While architecturally simple, this is computationally inefficient, since inference costs scale linearly with parameter count. Recent upcycling methods such as MoEfication, CMoE, ToMoE, and MoORE reveal that much of the useful computation lives in sparse, semi-modular substructures inside dense feed-forward networks, but these approaches typically rely on clustering, activation profiling, singular value decomposition, or custom routing that requires calibration data. This paper introduces MLPMoE (MLP Mixture-of-Experts), a training-free, deterministic transformation that restructures the dense MLP in transformer blocks into a static, high-cardinality mixture of experts. The transformation uses simple tensor slicing and summation, reinterpreting the algebra of tensor parallelism as a topological conversion rather than a distributed training pattern. We further introduce Fractal Fade (differential branch sparsity) and Compensated Pruning (variance-preserving branch reduction) as lightweight mechanisms for structured sparsity. On Qwen2.5-0.5B-Instruct and DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B, the zero-shot MLPMoE transform changes a proxy perplexity metric by less than 0.05 percent while keeping the parameter count effectively constant. On the 8B model, differential sparsity removes about 20 percent of MLP parameters while keeping perplexity within about 2 percent of the dense baseline. The method operates entirely post hoc on existing checkpoints and does not require gradients, calibration sets, or router training. Code is available at https://gist.github.com/iwallarm/fc2ef1eddf226ca7814f9e5e2ae9bad1

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in MoE large language models, one of 12 directions in Mixture-of-experts. Builds on 8 of its 13 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Nov 2025.

Builds on

8 of 13 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Analytical FFN-to-MoE Restructuring via Activation Pattern Analysis6 Feb
  2. 2025ToMoE: Converting Dense Large Language Models to Mixture-of-Experts through Dynamic Structural Pruning25 Jan
  3. 2024Branch-Train-MiX: Mixing Expert LLMs into a Mixture-of-Experts LLM12 Mar

Other references · 5

  1. 2019Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelismcited by 1,868
  2. 2022Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Modelscited by 191
  3. 2021MoEfication: Transformer Feed-forward Layers are Mixtures of Expertscited by 152
  4. 2025MoORE: SVD-based Model MoE-ization for Conflict- and Oblivion-Resistant Multi-Task Adaptationcited by 5
  5. 2025TwIST: Rigging the Lottery in Transformers with Independent Subnetwork Trainingcited by 1

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Efficient Expert Pruning for Sparse Mixture-of-Experts Language Models: Enhancing Performance and Reducing Inference Costs
  2. 2025DSMoE: Matrix-Partitioned Experts with Dynamic Routing for Computation-Efficient Dense LLMs
  3. 2026SoftMoE: Soft Differentiable Routing for Mixture-of-Experts in LLMs
  4. 2025Mixture-of-Experts Can Surpass Dense LLMs Under Strictly Equal Resource
  5. 2026Mixture of Experts for Low-Resource LLMs
  6. 2023Towards Being Parameter-Efficient: A Stratified Sparsely Activated Transformer with Dynamic Capacity
  7. 2026It Takes a MAESTRO To Prune Bad Experts
  8. 2024LIBMoE: A Library for comprehensive benchmarking Mixture of Experts in Large Language Models