mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

PAS: A Training-Free Stabilizer for Temporal Encoding in Video LLMs

arXiv 2511.10979 ↗First posted 14 Nov 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Video LLMs suffer from temporal inconsistency: small shifts in frame timing can flip attention and suppress relevant frames. We trace this instability to the common extension of Rotary Position Embeddings to video through multimodal RoPE. The induced inverse Fourier time kernel exhibits frame-scale ripples that multiply adjacent frames by different factors, which perturbs attention that should otherwise be governed by the raw query key inner product. We present Phase Aggregated Smoothing (PAS), a simple, training-free mechanism that applies small opposed phase offsets across heads and then aggregates their outputs. PAS preserves the per-head spectrum magnitude, while the aggregation effectively smooths the temporal kernel and reduces phase sensitivity without changing the positional encoding structure. Our analysis shows that the RoPE rotated logit can be approximated as a content dot product scaled by a time kernel; smoothing this kernel yields Lipschitz stability of attention to small temporal shifts; multi phase averaging attenuates high frequency ripples while preserving per-head spectra under Nyquist-valid sampling. Experiments on multiple video understanding benchmarks under matched token budgets show consistent improvements with negligible computational overhead. PAS provides a plug and play upgrade for robust temporal encoding in Video LLMs.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2025.

Builds on

17 of 27 references.

References · 17

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2021RoFormer: Enhanced Transformer with Rotary Position Embeddingcited by 4,703
  3. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,234
  4. 2018SlowFast Networks for Video Recognitioncited by 1,867
  5. 2021Is Space-Time Attention All You Need for Video Understanding?cited by 1,620
  6. 2023GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpointscited by 1,346
  7. 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,103
  8. 2023EgoSchema: A Diagnostic Benchmark for Very Long-form Video Language Understandingcited by 680
  9. 2024Rotary Position Embedding for Vision Transformercited by 236
  10. 2024MMBench-Video: A Long-Form Multi-Shot Benchmark for Holistic Video Understandingcited by 182
  11. 2024SlowFast-LLaVA: A Strong Training-Free Baseline for Video Large Language Modelscited by 125
  12. 2020A Short Note on the Kinetics-700-2020 Human Action Datasetcited by 92
5 more
  1. 2025VideoRoPE: What Makes for Good Video Rotary Position Embedding?cited by 65
  2. 2022Large-scale Robustness Analysis of Video Action Recognition Modelscited by 29
  3. 2023Temporal Coherent Test-Time Optimization for Robust Video Classificationcited by 15
  4. 2024TS-LLaVA: Constructing Visual Tokens through Thumbnail-and-Sampling for Training-Free Video Large Language Modelscited by 9
  5. 2024PosMLP-Video: Spatial and Temporal Relative Position Encoding for Efficient Video Recognitioncited by 3

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