mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

miniF2F-Lean Revisited: Reviewing Limitations and Charting a Path Forward

arXiv 2511.03108 ↗First posted 5 Nov 2025cs.AIcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

We perform a thorough analysis of the formal and informal statements in the miniF2F benchmark from the perspective of an AI system that is tasked to participate in a math Olympiad consisting of the problems in miniF2F. In such setting, the model has to read and comprehend the problems in natural language, formalize them in Lean language, then proceed with proving the problems, and it will get credit for each problem if the formal proof corresponds to the original informal statement presented to the model. Our evaluation results reveal that the best accuracy of such pipeline can be about 36% using the SoTA models in the literature, considerably lower than the individual SoTA accuracies, 97% and 69% reported in the autoformalization and theorem proving literature. Analyzing the failure modes, we trace back a considerable portion of this drop to discrepancies between the formal and informal statements for more than half of the problems in miniF2F. We proceed with correcting all the errors, discrepancies and simplifications in formal and informal statements, and present the miniF2F-v2 with fully verified formal and informal statements and proofs. Evaluating the full theorem proving pipeline on miniF2F-v2 leads to the best accuracy of 70%, a significant improvement from the 40% on the original miniF2F, yet indicating considerable misalignment between the autoformalization models and theorem provers. Our deep analysis suggests that a higher quality benchmark can help the community better evaluate progress in the field of formal reasoning and also better diagnose the failure and success modes of autoformalization and theorem proving models. Our dataset is available at https://github.com/roozbeh-yz/miniF2F_v2.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Nov 2025.

Builds on

26 of 46 references.

References · 26

  1. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,427
  2. 2018Datasheets for Datasetscited by 1,371
  3. 2023Is Your Code Generated by ChatGPT Really Correct? Rigorous Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 1,332
  4. 2024DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelcited by 1,093
  5. 2021MiniF2F: a cross-system benchmark for formal Olympiad-level mathematicscited by 380
  6. 2020Generative Language Modeling for Automated Theorem Provingcited by 379
  7. 2024Justice or Prejudice? Quantifying Biases in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 354
  8. 2022Autoformalization with Large Language Modelscited by 252
  9. 2022HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Provingcited by 192
  10. 2024DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5: Harnessing Proof Assistant Feedback for Reinforcement Learning and Monte-Carlo Tree Searchcited by 189
  11. 2023ProofNet: Autoformalizing and Formally Proving Undergraduate-Level Mathematicscited by 180
  12. 2025Kimina-Prover Preview: Towards Large Formal Reasoning Models with Reinforcement Learningcited by 173
14 more
  1. 2024PutnamBench: Evaluating Neural Theorem-Provers on the Putnam Mathematical Competitioncited by 153
  2. 2023OpenWebMath: An Open Dataset of High-Quality Mathematical Web Textcited by 151
  3. 2025Goedel-Prover: A Frontier Model for Open-Source Automated Theorem Provingcited by 126
  4. 2019Learning to Prove Theorems via Interacting with Proof Assistantscited by 107
  5. 2025BFS-Prover: Scalable Best-First Tree Search for LLM-based Automatic Theorem Provingcited by 82
  6. 2024Formal Mathematical Reasoning: A New Frontier in AIcited by 80
  7. 2025STP: Self-play LLM Theorem Provers with Iterative Conjecturing and Provingcited by 77
  8. 2024Herald: A Natural Language Annotated Lean 4 Datasetcited by 54
  9. 2018First Experiments with Neural Translation of Informal to Formal Mathematicscited by 52
  10. 2024Autoformalize Mathematical Statements by Symbolic Equivalence and Semantic Consistencycited by 39
  11. 2024miniCTX: Neural Theorem Proving with (Long-)Contextscited by 35
  12. 2021AlphaEvolve: A Learning Framework to Discover Novel Alphas in Quantitative Investmentcited by 31
  13. 2024Autoformalizing Euclidean Geometrycited by 27
  14. 2024A Lean Dataset for International Math Olympiad: Small Steps towards Writing Math Proofs for Hard Problemscited by 6

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