From Benchmarks to Business Impact: Deploying IBM Generalist Agent in Enterprise Production
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Agents are rapidly advancing in automating digital work, but enterprises face a harder challenge: moving beyond prototypes to deployed systems that deliver measurable business value. This path is complicated by fragmented frameworks, slow development, and the absence of standardized evaluation practices. Generalist agents have emerged as a promising direction, excelling on academic benchmarks and offering flexibility across task types, applications, and modalities. Yet, evidence of their use in production enterprise settings remains limited. This paper reports IBM's experience developing and piloting the Computer Using Generalist Agent (CUGA), which has been open-sourced for the community (https://github.com/cuga-project/cuga-agent). CUGA adopts a hierarchical planner--executor architecture with strong analytical foundations, achieving state-of-the-art performance on AppWorld and WebArena. Beyond benchmarks, it was evaluated in a pilot within the Business-Process-Outsourcing talent acquisition domain, addressing enterprise requirements for scalability, auditability, safety, and governance. To support assessment, we introduce BPO-TA, a 26-task benchmark spanning 13 analytics endpoints. In preliminary evaluations, CUGA approached the accuracy of specialized agents while indicating potential for reducing development time and cost. Our contribution is twofold: presenting early evidence of generalist agents operating at enterprise scale, and distilling technical and organizational lessons from this initial pilot. We outline requirements and next steps for advancing research-grade architectures like CUGA into robust, enterprise-ready systems.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Oct 2025.
Builds on
23 of 44 references.
References · 23
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
- 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,988
- 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,402
- 2024OSWorld: Benchmarking Multimodal Agents for Open-Ended Tasks in Real Computer Environmentscited by 1,195
- 2023SGLang: Efficient Execution of Structured Language Model Programscited by 1,141
- 2025Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?cited by 604
- 2024Executable Code Actions Elicit Better LLM Agentscited by 564
- 2023Language Models can Solve Computer Taskscited by 372
- 2024Magentic-One: A Generalist Multi-Agent System for Solving Complex Taskscited by 232
- 2019Mitigating Bias in Algorithmic Hiring: Evaluating Claims and Practicescited by 174
- 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 161
11 more
- 2023TaskBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Task Automationcited by 144
- 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agentscited by 133
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Long-Horizon Interactive LLM Agentscited by 108
- 2024ScribeAgent: Towards Specialized Web Agents Using Production-Scale Workflow Datacited by 39
- 2025From Mind to Machine: The Rise of Manus AI as a Fully Autonomous Digital Agentcited by 33
- 2023Fairness and Bias in Algorithmic Hiring: a Multidisciplinary Surveycited by 30
- 2025Symbiotic Cooperation for Web Agents: Harnessing Complementary Strengths of Large and Small LLMscited by 24
- 2024SNAP: Semantic Stories for Next Activity Predictioncited by 8
- 2022Prescriptive Process Monitoring in Intelligent Process Automation with Chatbot Orchestrationcited by 6
- 2024IDA: Breaking Barriers in No-code UI Automation Through Large Language Models and Human-Centric Designcited by 5
- 2025Leveraging In-Context Learning for Language Model Agentscited by 4
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026A Subgoal-driven Framework for Improving Long-Horizon LLM Agentscited by 11
- 2026AgentFixer: From Failure Detection to Fix Recommendations in LLM Agentic Systemscited by 7
- 2026cotomi Act: Learning to Automate Work by Watching Youcited by 1
- 2026Governance by Construction for Generalist Agentscited by 1
- 2026ReMMD: Realistic Multilingual Multi-Image Agentic Verification for Multimodal Misinformation Detectioncited by 0
- 2026ReMMD: Realistic Multilingual Multi-Image Agentic Verification for Multimodal Misinformation Detection23 Jun 2026
- 2026Governance by Construction for Generalist Agents20 May 2026
- 2026cotomi Act: Learning to Automate Work by Watching You4 May 2026
- 2026A Subgoal-driven Framework for Improving Long-Horizon LLM Agents20 Mar 2026
- 2026AgentFixer: From Failure Detection to Fix Recommendations in LLM Agentic Systems18 Feb 2026