mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Bridging Earth and Space: A Survey on HAPS for Non-Terrestrial Networks

arXiv 2510.19731 ↗First posted 22 Oct 2025eess.SY cs.LG cs.SYcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

HAPS are emerging as key enablers in the evolution of 6G wireless networks, bridging terrestrial and non-terrestrial infrastructures. Operating in the stratosphere, HAPS can provide wide-area coverage, low-latency, energy-efficient broadband communications with flexible deployment options for diverse applications. This survey delivers a comprehensive overview of HAPS use cases, technologies, and integration strategies within the 6G ecosystem. The roles of HAPS in extending connectivity to underserved regions, supporting dynamic backhauling, enabling massive IoT, and delivering reliable low-latency communications for autonomous and immersive services are discussed. The paper reviews state-of-the-art architectures for terrestrial and non-terrestrial network integration, highlights recent field trials. Furthermore, key enabling technologies such as channel modeling, AI-driven resource allocation, interference control, mobility management, and energy-efficient communications are examined. The paper also outlines open research challenges. By addressing existing gaps in the literature, this survey positions HAPS as a foundational component of globally integrated, resilient, and sustainable 6G networks.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 65 of its 265 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2025.

Builds on

65 of 265 references.

References · 65

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38 more
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50 most cited of 65 All 65 (JSON)

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

  1. 2026PPO-Based Dynamic Positioning of HAPS-BS in Wind-Disturbed Stratospheric Maritime Networkscited by 1