Not in Sync: Unveiling Temporal Bias in Audio Chat Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Audio-language model reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) are increasingly applied to audio understanding and multimodal reasoning, yet their ability to locate when events occur remains underexplored. We present the first systematic study of temporal bias in LALMs, revealing a key limitation in their timestamp prediction. For example, when asked "At which second does the lecturer introduce the key formula?", models often predict timestamps that are consistently earlier or later than the ground truth. Through controlled experiments on timestamped datasets, we find that temporal bias (i) is prevalent across datasets and models, (ii) increases with audio length - even accumulating to tens of seconds in extended recordings, and (iii) varies across event types and positions. We quantify this effect with the Temporal Bias Index (TBI), measuring systematic misalignment in predicted event timings, and complement it with a visualization framework. Our findings highlight a fundamental limitation in current LALMs and call for the development of temporally robust architectures.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Audio-language model reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 18 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Oct 2025.
Builds on
18 of 20 references.
References · 18
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
- 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
- 2021NExT-QA:Next Phase of Question-Answering to Explaining Temporal Actionscited by 744
- 2017Localizing Moments in Video with Natural Languagecited by 663
- 2022AudioLM: a Language Modeling Approach to Audio Generationcited by 616
- 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 608
- 2017TALL: Temporal Activity Localization via Language Querycited by 584
- 2019PANNs: Large-Scale Pretrained Audio Neural Networks for Audio Pattern Recognitioncited by 574
- 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 506
- 2018TVQA: Localized, Compositional Video Question Answeringcited by 467
- 2023AudioGPT: Understanding and Generating Speech, Music, Sound, and Talking Headcited by 265
6 more
- 2018Sound Event Localization and Detection of Overlapping Sources Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 85
- 2017Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Polyphonic Sound Event Detectioncited by 46
- 2022STARSS22: A dataset of spatial recordings of real scenes with spatiotemporal annotations of sound eventscited by 16
- 2024Effective Pre-Training of Audio Transformers for Sound Event Detectioncited by 12
- 2025Who is in the Spotlight: The Hidden Bias Undermining Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 9
- 2024DCASE 2024 Task 4: Sound Event Detection with Heterogeneous Data and Missing Labelscited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Gated Differentiable Working Memory for Long-Context Language Modelingcited by 6
- 2026MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMscited by 2
- 2026A Closer Look at Failure Modes in Temporal Understanding of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Steering Where to Listen: Instruction-Based Activation Steering Redirects Temporal Attention in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026SPEARBench: A Benchmark for Naturalness Evaluation in Streaming Speech-to-Speech Language Models6 Jul 2026
- 2026A Closer Look at Failure Modes in Temporal Understanding of Large Audio-Language Models16 Jun 2026
- 2026Steering Where to Listen: Instruction-Based Activation Steering Redirects Temporal Attention in Large Audio-Language Models9 Jun 2026
- 2026MusTBench: Benchmarking and Advancing Temporal Grounding in Music LLMs28 May 2026
- 2026Gated Differentiable Working Memory for Long-Context Language Modeling19 Jan 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026On Temporal Binding in Large Audio Language Models
- 2025Benchmarking and Confidence Evaluation of LALMs For Temporal Reasoning
- 2024Enhancing Temporal Understanding in Audio Question Answering for Large Audio Language Models
- 2025AHELM: A Holistic Evaluation of Audio-Language Models
- 2024Can Large Audio-Language Models Truly Hear? Tackling Hallucinations with Multi-Task Assessment and Stepwise Audio Reasoning
- 2025AudioMarathon: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Long-Context Audio Understanding and Efficiency in Audio LLMs
- 2026Bias in the Ear of the Listener: Assessing Sensitivity in Audio Language Models Across Linguistic, Demographic, and Positional Variations
- 2026MRMAD: A Multi-Round Multi-Audio Benchmark for Evaluating Acoustic Degradation Perception in Large Audio-Language Models