MC#: Mixture Compressor for Mixture-of-Experts Large Models
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) effectively scales large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs) by increasing capacity through sparse activation. However, preloading all experts into memory and activating multiple experts per input introduces significant computational and memory overhead, making the expert module a major contributor to model size and inference cost. To address this, we propose MC# (Mixture-Compressor-sharp), a framework that combines static quantization and dynamic expert pruning by leveraging the significance of experts and tokens for aggressive compression of MoE-LLMs/VLMs. To reduce storage and loading costs, we introduce Pre-Loading Mixed-Precision Quantization (PMQ), which optimizes bit allocation via linear programming, balancing expert importance and quantization error for a Pareto-optimal trade-off between size and performance. To reduce runtime computation, Online Top-any Pruning (OTP) uses Gumbel-Softmax sampling to dynamically select a subset of experts per token, enabling fine-grained control over activation. By combining PMQ's static bit-width optimization with OTP's dynamic routing, MC# achieves extreme compression with minimal accuracy loss. On DeepSeek-VL2, MC# achieves a 6.2 times weight reduction at 2.57 average bits with only a 1.7% accuracy drop across five multimodal benchmarks. Additionally, OTP reduces expert activation over 20% with less than 1% performance degradation, demonstrating strong potential for efficient MoE-based model deployment.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 53 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2025.
Builds on
53 of 64 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understanding13 Dec
- 2024LLaVA-NeXT-Interleave: Tackling Multi-image, Video, and 3D in Large Multimodal Models10 Jul
- 2024MoE-LLaVA: Mixture of Experts for Large Vision-Language Models29 Jan
Other references · 50
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,878
- 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,413
- 2016Categorical Reparameterization with Gumbel-Softmaxcited by 2,708
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,838
- 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
- 2023LongBench: A Bilingual, Multitask Benchmark for Long Context Understandingcited by 1,378
38 more
- 2022SmoothQuant: Accurate and Efficient Post-Training Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 1,338
- 2023AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Accelerationcited by 1,234
- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
- 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,090
- 2016XNOR-Net: ImageNet Classification Using Binary Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 829
- 2023A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 776
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 718
- 2017Channel Pruning for Accelerating Very Deep Neural Networkscited by 697
- 2024VLMEvalKit: An Open-Source Toolkit for Evaluating Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 443
- 2023OmniQuant: Omnidirectionally Calibrated Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 403
- 2023SpQR: A Sparse-Quantized Representation for Near-Lossless LLM Weight Compressioncited by 359
- 2024QuIP#: Even Better LLM Quantization with Hadamard Incoherence and Lattice Codebookscited by 354
- 2023LLM-QAT: Data-Free Quantization Aware Training for Large Language Modelscited by 320
- 2024OLMoE: Open Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelscited by 291
- 2023A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language Modelscited by 263
- 2019HAWQ-V2: Hessian Aware trace-Weighted Quantization of Neural Networkscited by 250
- 2024Extreme Compression of Large Language Models via Additive Quantizationcited by 223
- 2023G-LLaVA: Solving Geometric Problem with Multi-Modal Large Language Modelcited by 208
- 2022MegaBlocks: Efficient Sparse Training with Mixture-of-Expertscited by 204
- 2024A Survey on Efficient Inference for Large Language Modelscited by 197
- 2022A Fast Post-Training Pruning Framework for Transformerscited by 161
- 2022On the Representation Collapse of Sparse Mixture of Expertscited by 156
- 2024Not All Experts are Equal: Efficient Expert Pruning and Skipping for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Modelscited by 140
- 2024BiLLM: Pushing the Limit of Post-Training Quantization for LLMscited by 137
- 2024EfficientQAT: Efficient Quantization-Aware Training for Large Language Modelscited by 123
- 2021Accelerated Sparse Neural Training: A Provable and Efficient Method to Find N:M Transposable Maskscited by 103
- 2023LQ-LoRA: Low-rank Plus Quantized Matrix Decomposition for Efficient Language Model Finetuningcited by 92
- 2023PB-LLM: Partially Binarized Large Language Modelscited by 80
- 2021Scalable and Efficient MoE Training for Multitask Multilingual Modelscited by 76
- 2024SliM-LLM: Salience-Driven Mixed-Precision Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 61
- 2024Efficient Expert Pruning for Sparse Mixture-of-Experts Language Models: Enhancing Performance and Reducing Inference Costscited by 51
- 2024MaskLLM: Learnable Semi-Structured Sparsity for Large Language Modelscited by 49
- 2024MBQ: Modality-Balanced Quantization for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 45
- 2024Mixture Compressor for Mixture-of-Experts LLMs Gains Morecited by 38
- 2022Memory-efficient NLLB-200: Language-specific Expert Pruning of a Massively Multilingual Machine Translation Modelcited by 36
- 2023Towards MoE Deployment: Mitigating Inefficiencies in Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) Inferencecited by 36
- 2024ApiQ: Finetuning of 2-Bit Quantized Large Language Modelcited by 27
- 2024Toward Inference-optimal Mixture-of-Expert Large Language Modelscited by 19
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.
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- 2024QuantMoE-Bench: Examining Post-Training Quantization for Mixture-of-Experts
- 2025EAC-MoE: Expert-Selection Aware Compressor for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models
- 2026Efficient Quantization of Mixture-of-Experts with Theoretical Generalization Guarantees
- 2024Towards Efficient Mixture of Experts: A Holistic Study of Compression Techniques
- 2025MoEQuant: Enhancing Quantization for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models via Expert-Balanced Sampling and Affinity Guidance
- 2024MoE-I2: Compressing Mixture of Experts Models through Inter-Expert Pruning and Intra-Expert Low-Rank Decomposition
- 2026Pruning and Distilling Mixture-of-Experts into Dense Language Models
- 2025Cluster-Driven Expert Pruning for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Models