mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Ming-UniVision: Joint Image Understanding and Generation with a Unified Continuous Tokenizer

arXiv 2510.06590 ↗First posted 8 Oct 2025cs.CVcited by 28

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Visual tokenization remains a core challenge in unifying visual understanding and generation within the autoregressive paradigm. Existing methods typically employ tokenizers in discrete latent spaces to align with the tokens from large language models, where the quantization errors can limit semantic expressiveness and degrade the capability of vision-language understanding. To address this, we introduce MingTok, a new family of visual tokenizers with a continuous latent space, for unified autoregressive generation and understanding. While understanding tasks favor discriminative high-dimensional features, generation tasks prefer compact low-level codes. Thus, to reconcile these competing demands, MingTok adopts a three-stage sequential architecture involving low-level encoding, semantic expansion, and visual reconstruction. Built on top of it, Ming-UniVision eliminates the need for task-specific visual representations, and unifies diverse vision-language tasks under a single autoregrsssive prediction paradigm. By formulating both understanding and generation as next-token prediction in a shared continuous space, it seamlessly supports multi-round, in-context tasks such as iterative understanding, generation and editing. Empirically, we find that using a unified continuous visual representation reconciles the competing requirements on the tokenizers by the understanding and generation tasks, thereby leading to state-of-the-art level performance across both domains. We hope our findings will facilitate unified visual tokenization in the continuous domain. Inference code and model weights are released to benefit community.

Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 69 of its 74 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Oct 2025.

Builds on

69 of 74 references.

References · 69

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  4. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
  5. 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,403
  6. 2022Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latentscited by 6,585
  7. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,587
  8. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,588
  9. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,356
  10. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  11. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,700
  12. 2020Taming Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 3,253
38 more
  1. 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,109
  2. 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructionscited by 2,611
  3. 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
  4. 2023MMMU: A Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding and Reasoning Benchmark for Expert AGIcited by 2,080
  5. 2020GLU Variants Improve Transformercited by 1,804
  6. 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
  7. 2023MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contextscited by 1,614
  8. 2024Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scalingcited by 1,599
  9. 2023MM-Vet: Evaluating Large Multimodal Models for Integrated Capabilitiescited by 1,239
  10. 2016Real-Time Single Image and Video Super-Resolution Using an Efficient Sub-Pixel Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 1,204
  11. 2021SimMIM: A Simple Framework for Masked Image Modelingcited by 1,153
  12. 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 1,044
  13. 2024Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Predictioncited by 1,023
  14. 2023GenEval: An Object-Focused Framework for Evaluating Text-to-Image Alignmentcited by 972
  15. 2024Are We on the Right Way for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models?cited by 914
  16. 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 897
  17. 2025Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scalingcited by 812
  18. 2016A Diagram Is Worth A Dozen Imagescited by 804
  19. 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 781
  20. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 777
  21. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 752
  22. 2024Autoregressive Image Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 651
  23. 2023MagicBrush: A Manually Annotated Dataset for Instruction-Guided Image Editingcited by 624
  24. 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 608
  25. 2023HallusionBench: An Advanced Diagnostic Suite for Entangled Language Hallucination and Visual Illusion in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 583
  26. 2021Masked Feature Prediction for Self-Supervised Visual Pre-Trainingcited by 576
  27. 2024DeepSeek-VL2: Mixture-of-Experts Vision-Language Models for Advanced Multimodal Understandingcited by 572
  28. 2023OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 476
  29. 2024ELLA: Equip Diffusion Models with LLM for Enhanced Semantic Alignmentcited by 475
  30. 2025Step1X-Edit: A Practical Framework for General Image Editingcited by 429
  31. 2024OmniGen: Unified Image Generationcited by 394
  32. 2025Reconstruction vs. Generation: Taming Optimization Dilemma in Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 393
  33. 2023EVA-02: A Visual Representation for Neon Genesiscited by 381
  34. 2025BLIP3-o: A Family of Fully Open Unified Multimodal Models-Architecture, Training and Datasetcited by 376
  35. 2025Seed1.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 373
  36. 2024VILA-U: a Unified Foundation Model Integrating Visual Understanding and Generationcited by 295
  37. 2025OmniGen2: Towards Instruction-Aligned Multimodal Generationcited by 253
  38. 2025Show-o2: Improved Native Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 250

50 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 18.

28 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2026Scaling Text-to-Image Diffusion Transformers with Representation Autoencoderscited by 53
  2. 2025Ming-Flash-Omni: A Sparse, Unified Architecture for Multimodal Perception and Generationcited by 22
  3. 2026Tuna-2: Pixel Embeddings Beat Vision Encoders for Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 18
  4. 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representationcited by 17
  5. 2025HBridge: H-Shape Bridging of Heterogeneous Experts for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 11
  6. 2025Does Understanding Inform Generation in Unified Multimodal Models? From Analysis to Path Forwardcited by 10
  7. 2025VQRAE: Representation Quantization Autoencoders for Multimodal Understanding, Generation and Reconstructioncited by 10
  8. 2025MeanFlow Transformers with Representation Autoencoderscited by 6
  9. 2025ARGenSeg: Image Segmentation with Autoregressive Image Generation Modelcited by 5
  10. 2026Generative Visual Chain-of-Thought for Image Editingcited by 3
  11. 2026Meta-CoT: Enhancing Granularity and Generalization in Image Editingcited by 3
  12. 2026MUSE: Resolving Manifold Misalignment in Visual Tokenization via Topological Orthogonalitycited by 3
16 more
  1. 2025Visual Generation Tuningcited by 2
  2. 2026HYDRA: Representation Harmonized Tokenization for Multimodal Generation and Understandingcited by 2
  3. 2026Audio-Visual Intelligence in Large Foundation Modelscited by 2
  4. 2026HYDRA-X: Native Unified Multimodal Models with Holistic Visual Tokenizerscited by 2
  5. 2026Uncovering Understanding-Generation Synergy in Native Unified Multimodal Models: From Representation, Task to Systemcited by 2
  6. 2025RePack then Refine: Efficient Diffusion Transformer with Vision Foundation Modelcited by 1
  7. 2026Kelix Technical Reportcited by 1
  8. 2026TC-AE: Unlocking Token Capacity for Deep Compression Autoencoderscited by 1
  9. 2026PixelUMM: Encoder-Free Unified Image and Video Understanding and Generationcited by 1
  10. 2025MedGEN-Bench: A Contextually Entangled Benchmark for Open-ended Multimodal Medical Generationcited by 0
  11. 2026InfoTok: Information-Theoretic Regularization for Capacity-Constrained Shared Visual Tokenization in Unified MLLMscited by 0
  12. 2026MieDB-100k: A Comprehensive Dataset for Medical Image Editingcited by 0
  13. 2026UniCom: Unified Multimodal Modeling via Compressed Continuous Semantic Representationscited by 0
  14. 2026Hunyuan3D-Buffalo 1.0: A Unified Multimodal Model for Scalable 3D Generation, Understanding, and Editingcited by 0
  15. 2026FLAT: Resampling Image and Text into 1D Flexible-Length Aligned Transmodal Tokens for Retrieval and Generationcited by 0
  16. 2026DC-SAE: Deep Compression Semantic Autoencoder for Faster Diffusion Convergencecited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025DualToken: Towards Unifying Visual Understanding and Generation with Dual Visual Vocabularies
  2. 2023Planting a SEED of Vision in Large Language Model
  3. 2025Growing Visual Generative Capacity for Pre-Trained MLLMs
  4. 2025V2Flow: Unifying Visual Tokenization and Large Language Model Vocabularies for Autoregressive Image Generation
  5. 2026Unified Multimodal Autoregressive Modeling with Shared Context-Visual Tokenizer is Key to Unification
  6. 2026UVU: Improving Multimodal Understanding via Vision-Language Unified Autoregressive Paradigm
  7. 2026EvoTok: A Unified Image Tokenizer via Residual Latent Evolution for Visual Understanding and Generation
  8. 2025Vision Foundation Models as Effective Visual Tokenizers for Autoregressive Image Generation