Batch-CAM: Introduction to better reasoning in convolutional deep learning models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep learning opacity often impedes deployment in high-stakes domains. We propose a training framework that aligns model focus with class-representative features without requiring pixel-level annotations. To this end, we introduce Batch-CAM, a vectorised implementation of Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping that integrates directly into the training loop with minimal computational overhead. We propose two regularisation terms: a Prototype Loss, which aligns individual-sample attention with the global class average, and a Batch-CAM Loss, which enforces consistency within a training batch. These are evaluated using L1, L2, and SSIM metrics. Validated on MNIST and Fashion-MNIST using ResNet18 and ConvNeXt-V2, our method generates significantly more coherent and human-interpretable saliency maps compared to baselines. While maintaining competitive classification accuracy, the framework successfully suppresses spurious feature activation, as evidenced by qualitative reconstruction analysis. Batch-CAM appears to offer a scalable pathway for training intrinsically interpretable models by leveraging batch-level statistics to guide feature extraction, effectively bridging the gap between predictive performance and explainability.
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References · 17
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2016Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-based Localizationcited by 6,733
- 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
- 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,592
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
- 2020Sharpness-Aware Minimization for Efficiently Improving Generalizationcited by 1,417
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
- 2017Grad-CAM++: Improved Visual Explanations for Deep Convolutional Networkscited by 939
- 2018This Looks Like That: Deep Learning for Interpretable Image Recognitioncited by 737
- 2023ConvNeXt V2: Co-designing and Scaling ConvNets with Masked Autoencoderscited by 712
- 2017Physics Informed Deep Learning (Part I): Data-driven Solutions of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equationscited by 373
5 more
- 2017Right for the Right Reasons: Training Differentiable Models by Constraining their Explanationscited by 294
- 2019Interpretations are useful: penalizing explanations to align neural networks with prior knowledgecited by 145
- 2021Benchmarking and Survey of Explanation Methods for Black Box Modelscited by 136
- 2021This Looks Like That... Does it? Shortcomings of Latent Space Prototype Interpretability in Deep Networkscited by 65
- 2023Loss Functions and Metrics in Deep Learningcited by 42
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