Interpretable Nanoporous Materials Design with Symmetry-Aware Networks

Reticular frameworks hold promise for diverse sustainable applications, yet their immense chemical space limits efficient and systematic design. While machine learning provides a compelling pathway to accelerate exploration, existing approaches often lack either interpretability or fidelity in linking crystal geometry to emergent properties. Here, we introduce a site-resolved equivariant learning framework based on three-dimensional periodic space sampling, which decomposes reticular structures into local geometric environments for simultaneous property prediction and site-wise contribution analysis. Trained on a combination of constructed and retrieved datasets, the model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and data efficiency across gas storage, gas separation, and electronic-property prediction tasks. Importantly, the framework reveals interpretable local structure-property relationships by identifying transferable high-contribution sites across diverse frameworks. Leveraging these learned motifs, we further demonstrate inverse design of new metal-organic frameworks exhibiting record-high N2 storage, strong CO2/N2 separation performance, and near-zero electronic band gaps, validated by physics-based simulations.