Analyzing Prominent LLMs: An Empirical Study of Performance and Complexity in Solving LeetCode Problems
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and DeepSeek are transforming software engineering by automating key tasks, including code generation, testing, and debugging. As these models become integral to development workflows, a systematic comparison of their performance is essential for optimizing their use in real world applications. This study benchmarks these four prominent LLMs on one hundred and fifty LeetCode problems across easy, medium, and hard difficulties, generating solutions in Java and Python. We evaluate each model based on execution time, memory usage, and algorithmic complexity, revealing significant performance differences. ChatGPT demonstrates consistent efficiency in execution time and memory usage, while Copilot and DeepSeek show variability as task complexity increases. Gemini, although effective on simpler tasks, requires more attempts as problem difficulty rises. Our findings provide actionable insights into each model's strengths and limitations, offering guidance for developers selecting LLMs for specific coding tasks and providing insights on the performance and complexity of GPT-like generated solutions.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
4 papers.
- 2026Unlocking LLM Code Correction with Iterative Feedback Loopscited by 1
- 2025Designing Empirical Studies on LLM-Based Code Generation: Towards a Reference Frameworkcited by 0
- 2026Rethinking Code Performance Benchmarks for LLMscited by 0
- 2026Not All Correct Fixes Run Alike: An Empirical Study of Patch Performance in Repository-Level Issue Resolutioncited by 0
- 2026Not All Correct Fixes Run Alike: An Empirical Study of Patch Performance in Repository-Level Issue Resolution9 Oct 2026
- 2026Rethinking Code Performance Benchmarks for LLMs8 Jul 2026
- 2026Unlocking LLM Code Correction with Iterative Feedback Loops16 Jun 2026
- 2025Designing Empirical Studies on LLM-Based Code Generation: Towards a Reference Framework4 Oct 2025