Position: Collaborative Agentic AI Needs Interoperability Across Ecosystems
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Collaborative agentic AI is projected to transform entire industries by enabling AI-powered agents to autonomously perceive, plan, and act within digital environments. Yet, current solutions in this field are all built in isolation, and we are rapidly heading toward a landscape of fragmented, incompatible ecosystems. In this position paper, we argue that interoperability, achieved by the adoption of minimal standards, is essential to ensure open, secure, web-scale, and widely-adopted agentic ecosystems. To this end, we devise a minimal architectural foundation for collaborative agentic AI, named Web of Agents, which is composed of four building blocks: agent-to-agent messaging, interaction interoperability, state management, and agent discovery. Web of Agents adopts existing standards and reuses existing infrastructure where possible. With Web of Agents, we take the first but critical step toward interoperable agentic systems and offer a pragmatic path forward before ecosystem fragmentation becomes the norm.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 25 of its 88 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2025.
Builds on
25 of 88 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025AI Agents vs. Agentic AI: A Conceptual Taxonomy, Applications and Challenges15 May
- 2025Build Agent Advocates, Not Platform Agents7 May
- 2025Generative to Agentic AI: Survey, Conceptualization, and Challenges26 Apr
- 2025Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systems31 Mar
- 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration Mechanisms: A Survey of LLMs10 Jan
Other references · 20
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?cited by 1,651
- 2024The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discoverycited by 1,071
- 2019Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning: A Selective Overview of Theories and Algorithmscited by 567
- 2023Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defensescited by 364
- 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
- 2023EconAgent: Large Language Model-Empowered Agents for Simulating Macroeconomic Activitiescited by 154
- 2024The Emerged Security and Privacy of LLM Agent: A Survey with Case Studiescited by 131
- 2023Generative AIcited by 120
- 2025A survey of agent interoperability protocols: Model Context Protocol (MCP), Agent Communication Protocol (ACP), Agent-to-Agent Protocol (A2A), and Agent Network Protocol (ANP)cited by 101
8 more
- 2025Robin: A multi-agent system for automating scientific discoverycited by 62
- 2024A Scalable Communication Protocol for Networks of Large Language Modelscited by 45
- 2024LLM-Augmented Agent-Based Modelling for Social Simulations: Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 27
- 2025The AI Agent Indexcited by 15
- 2024Near to Mid-term Risks and Opportunities of Open-Source Generative AIcited by 13
- 2022Decentralized Low-Latency Collaborative Inference via Ensembles on the Edgecited by 10
- 2016The Internet of Things: New Interoperability, Management and Security Challengescited by 2
- 2018Is Fragmentation a Threat to the Success of the Internet of Things?cited by 1
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 4.
8 papers.
- 2025AI Agents with Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentialscited by 18
- 2026Security Threat Modeling for Emerging AI-Agent Protocols: A Comparative Analysis of MCP, A2A, Agora, and ANPcited by 15
- 2025From Multi-Agent Systems and the Semantic Web to Agentic AI: A Unified Narrative of the Web of Agentscited by 7
- 2025BetaWeb: Towards a Blockchain-enabled Trustworthy Agentic Webcited by 7
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agentscited by 6
- 2026Distributed Legal Infrastructure for a Trustworthy Agentic Webcited by 0
- 2026AONA: A Comprehensive Architecture and Workflow Design for Global Agentic Collaborationcited by 0
- 2026The Wealth of Agents: Scaling Agentic AI Across Developerscited by 0
- 2026The Wealth of Agents: Scaling Agentic AI Across Developers14 Oct 2026
- 2026AONA: A Comprehensive Architecture and Workflow Design for Global Agentic Collaboration30 Apr 2026
- 2026Distributed Legal Infrastructure for a Trustworthy Agentic Web6 Mar 2026
- 2026Security Threat Modeling for Emerging AI-Agent Protocols: A Comparative Analysis of MCP, A2A, Agora, and ANP11 Feb 2026
- 2025Toward a Safe Internet of Agents29 Nov 2025
- 2025AI Agents with Decentralized Identifiers and Verifiable Credentials1 Oct 2025
- 2025BetaWeb: Towards a Blockchain-enabled Trustworthy Agentic Web19 Aug 2025
- 2025From Multi-Agent Systems and the Semantic Web to Agentic AI: A Unified Narrative of the Web of Agents14 Jul 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Synergy: A Next-Generation General-Purpose Agent for Open Agentic Web
- 2026The Internet of Agentic AI: Communication, Coordination, and Collective Intelligence at Scale
- 2025Agentic Web: Weaving the Next Web with AI Agents
- 2026Infrastructure for the Agentic Web: Gap Analysis and Architecture from the Agentverse Platform
- 2026Architecting Agentic Communities using Design Patterns
- 2025Distinguishing Autonomous AI Agents from Collaborative Agentic Systems: A Comprehensive Framework for Understanding Modern Intelligent Architectures
- 2026The Agentic Automation Canvas: a structured framework for agentic AI project design
- 2026Toward an Agentic Infused Software Ecosystem