metaTextGrad: Automatically optimizing language model optimizers
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in learning algorithms, evaluations, and optimization tasks. Recent studies have shown that using LLM-based optimizers to automatically optimize model prompts, demonstrations, predictions themselves, or other components can significantly enhance the performance of AI systems, as demonstrated by frameworks such as DSPy and TextGrad. However, optimizers built on language models themselves are usually designed by humans with manual design choices; optimizers themselves are not optimized. Moreover, these optimizers are general purpose by design, to be useful to a broad audience, and are not tailored for specific tasks. To address these challenges, we propose metaTextGrad, which focuses on designing a meta-optimizer to further enhance existing optimizers and align them to be good optimizers for a given task. Our approach consists of two key components: a meta prompt optimizer and a meta structure optimizer. The combination of these two significantly improves performance across multiple benchmarks, achieving an average absolute performance improvement of up to 6% compared to the best baseline.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2025.
Builds on
26 of 36 references.
References · 26
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
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- 2022Large Language Models Are Human-Level Prompt Engineerscited by 1,045
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14 more
- 2023Large Language Models as Optimizerscited by 864
- 2023Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Searchcited by 653
- 2024Automated Design of Agentic Systemscited by 407
- 2019Rapid Learning or Feature Reuse? Towards Understanding the Effectiveness of MAMLcited by 359
- 2023Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicinecited by 329
- 2024TextGrad: Automatic "Differentiation" via Textcited by 273
- 2022Re3: Generating Longer Stories With Recursive Reprompting and Revisioncited by 193
- 2021KnowPrompt: Knowledge-aware Prompt-tuning with Synergistic Optimization for Relation Extractioncited by 180
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- 2023Attention Satisfies: A Constraint-Satisfaction Lens on Factual Errors of Language Modelscited by 67
- 2023Prompt Engineering a Prompt Engineercited by 53
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 5.
6 papers.
- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skillscited by 22
- 2026Automatic Prompt Optimization for Dataset-Level Feature Discoverycited by 3
- 2026Context Training with Active Information Seekingcited by 1
- 2026TextBFGS: A Case-Based Reasoning Approach to Code Optimization via Error-Operator Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026CROP: Token-Efficient Reasoning in Large Language Models via Regularized Prompt Optimizationcited by 0
- 2026GBC: Gradient-Based Connections for Optimizing Multi-Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026GBC: Gradient-Based Connections for Optimizing Multi-Agent Systems26 Jun 2026
- 2026Context Training with Active Information Seeking13 May 2026
- 2026CROP: Token-Efficient Reasoning in Large Language Models via Regularized Prompt Optimization8 Apr 2026
- 2026TextBFGS: A Case-Based Reasoning Approach to Code Optimization via Error-Operator Retrieval20 Jan 2026
- 2026Automatic Prompt Optimization for Dataset-Level Feature Discovery20 Jan 2026
- 2025Adaptation of Agentic AI: A Survey of Post-Training, Memory, and Skills18 Dec 2025