Measuring Lexical Diversity of Synthetic Data Generated through Fine-Grained Persona Prompting
On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → LLM synthetic data generation
Abstract (arXiv)
Fine-grained personas have recently been used for generating 'diverse' synthetic data for pre-training and supervised fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs). In this work, we measure the diversity of persona-driven synthetically generated prompts and responses with a suite of lexical diversity and redundancy metrics. First, we find that synthetic prompts/instructions are significantly less diverse than human-written ones. Next, we sample responses from LLMs of different sizes with fine-grained and coarse persona descriptions to investigate how much fine-grained detail in persona descriptions contribute to generated text diversity. Our results indicate that persona prompting produces higher lexical diversity than prompting without personas, particularly in larger models. In contrast, adding fine-grained persona details yields minimal gains in diversity compared to simply specifying a length cutoff in the prompt.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in LLM synthetic data generation, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 6 of its 11 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 May 2025.
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Other references · 5
- 2023A Long Way to Go: Investigating Length Correlations in RLHFcited by 291
- 2024Large language models that replace human participants can harmfully misportray and flatten identity groupscited by 144
- 2020Evaluating the Evaluation of Diversity in Natural Language Generationcited by 129
- 2024Beyond Model Collapse: Scaling Up with Synthesized Data Requires Verificationcited by 45
- 2025A Tale of Two Identities: An Ethical Audit of Human and AI-Crafted Personascited by 8
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025The Homogenizing Effect of Large Language Models on Human Expression and Thoughtcited by 35
- 2025CIEGAD: Cluster-Conditioned Interpolative and Extrapolative Framework for Geometry-Aware and Domain-Aligned Data Augmentationcited by 1
- 2026More Is Not More: What Matters for Diversity in LLM Opinions?cited by 0
- 2026How Strong Is the Evidence for the Artificial Hivemind? Reevaluating Evidence for the Open-Ended Homogeneity of Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026How Strong Is the Evidence for the Artificial Hivemind? Reevaluating Evidence for the Open-Ended Homogeneity of Language Models27 Sep 2026
- 2026More Is Not More: What Matters for Diversity in LLM Opinions?10 May 2026
- 2025CIEGAD: Cluster-Conditioned Interpolative and Extrapolative Framework for Geometry-Aware and Domain-Aligned Data Augmentation11 Dec 2025
- 2025The Homogenizing Effect of Large Language Models on Human Expression and Thought2 Aug 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2025PILOT: Steering Synthetic Data Generation with Psychological & Linguistic Output Targeting
- 2025Polypersona: Persona-Grounded LLM for Synthetic Survey Responses
- 2026The Persona Hierarchy Model: Understanding Contextual Generalization in Fine-Tuning LLMs
- 2024PERSONA: A Reproducible Testbed for Pluralistic Alignment
- 2026Synthetic Interaction Data for Scalable Personalization in Large Language Models
- 2025DeepPersona: A Generative Engine for Scaling Deep Synthetic Personas
- 2026When Persona Attributes Improve Population Alignment in Large Language Models