RouteNator: A Router-Based Multi-Modal Architecture for Generating Synthetic Training Data for Function Calling LLMs
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Tool learning and function calling
Abstract (arXiv)
This paper addresses fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) for function calling tasks when real user interaction data is unavailable. In digital content creation tools, where users express their needs through natural language queries that must be mapped to API calls, the lack of real-world task-specific data and privacy constraints for training on it necessitate synthetic data generation. Existing approaches to synthetic data generation fall short in diversity and complexity, failing to replicate real-world data distributions and leading to suboptimal performance after LLM fine-tuning. We present a novel router-based architecture that leverages domain resources like content metadata and structured knowledge graphs, along with text-to-text and vision-to-text language models to generate high-quality synthetic training data. Our architecture's flexible routing mechanism enables synthetic data generation that matches observed real-world distributions, addressing a fundamental limitation of traditional approaches. Evaluation on a comprehensive set of real user queries demonstrates significant improvements in both function classification accuracy and API parameter selection. Models fine-tuned with our synthetic data consistently outperform traditional approaches, establishing new benchmarks for function calling tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Tool learning and function calling, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 13 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 May 2025.
Builds on
13 of 25 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Gorilla: Large Language Model Connected with Massive APIs24 May
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools9 Feb
Other references · 11
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,747
- 2023QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMscited by 3,355
- 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,674
- 2024Phi-3 Technical Report: A Highly Capable Language Model Locally on Your Phonecited by 1,883
- 2023WizardLM: Empowering large pre-trained language models to follow complex instructionscited by 1,116
- 2023Promptbreeder: Self-Referential Self-Improvement Via Prompt Evolutioncited by 521
- 2022Unnatural Instructions: Tuning Language Models with (Almost) No Human Laborcited by 395
- 2023Does Synthetic Data Make Large Language Models More Efficient?cited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026GenesisFunc: Multi-Agent Data Generation for Accurate and Generalizable Function-Calling
- 2026Data Turnstile: A Scalable Open Framework for Function-Calling Data Generation
- 2025Synthetic Data Generation Using Large Language Models: Advances in Text and Code
- 2024ToolACE: Winning the Points of LLM Function Calling
- 2024Benchmarking Floworks against OpenAI & Anthropic: A Novel Framework for Enhanced LLM Function Calling
- 2025Demystifying Synthetic Data in LLM Pre-training: A Systematic Study of Scaling Laws, Benefits, and Pitfalls
- 2024Harnessing LLMs for API Interactions: A Framework for Classification and Synthetic Data Generation
- 2025Modular Techniques for Synthetic Long-Context Data Generation in Language Model Training and Evaluation