mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Exploring the Feasibility of Multilingual Grammatical Error Correction with a Single LLM up to 9B parameters: A Comparative Study of 17 Models

arXiv 2505.06004 ↗First posted 9 May 2025cs.CLcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent language models can successfully solve various language-related tasks, and many understand inputs stated in different languages. In this paper, we explore the performance of 17 popular models used to correct grammatical issues in texts stated in English, German, Italian, and Swedish when using a single model to correct texts in all those languages. We analyze the outputs generated by these models, focusing on decreasing the number of grammatical errors while keeping the changes small. The conclusions drawn help us understand what problems occur among those models and which models can be recommended for multilingual grammatical error correction tasks. We list six models that improve grammatical correctness in all four languages and show that Gemma 9B is currently the best performing one for the languages considered.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 May 2025.

Builds on

20 of 40 references.

References · 20

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 14,132
  3. 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,170
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  5. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
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  9. 2020BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generationcited by 1,203
  10. 2024Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technologycited by 916
  11. 2024Yi: Open Foundation Models by 01.AIcited by 719
  12. 2020It's Not Just Size That Matters: Small Language Models Are Also Few-Shot Learnerscited by 669
8 more
  1. 2023OpenChat: Advancing Open-source Language Models with Mixed-Quality Datacited by 252
  2. 2024Tower: An Open Multilingual Large Language Model for Translation-Related Taskscited by 206
  3. 2024EuroLLM: Multilingual Language Models for Europecited by 106
  4. 2024Understanding and Mitigating Language Confusion in LLMscited by 75
  5. 2021LM-Critic: Language Models for Unsupervised Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 33
  6. 2024Prompting open-source and commercial language models for grammatical error correction of English learner textcited by 24
  7. 2024GPT-3.5 for Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 18
  8. 2018Reference-less Measure of Faithfulness for Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 9

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

2 papers.